Local cerebral glucose utilization in the normal conscious macaque monkey

Kennedy, Charles; Sakurada, O.; Shinohara, M; Jehle, Jane; Sokoloff, Louis

doi:10.1002/ana.410040402

Cited by 242 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Data were transformed to CMRglc based on the operational equation (Sokoloff et al, 1977;Phelps et al, 1979). Rate constants (k1, k2, and k3) and lumped constant as determined in monkey by Kennedy et al (1978), along with a k4 value used in human studies (Phelps et al, 1979). PET scans were performed with a General Electric (GE) Advance NXi PET scanner with a resolution of 4.0 mm and consisted of a 5.0 min transmission scan acquired in 2D mode, followed by a 10.0 min emission scan acquired in 3D mode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic and Nasal Delivery of Orexin-A (Hypocretin-1) Reduces the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Performance in Nonhuman Primates

Deadwyler¹,

Porrino²,

Siegel³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

239

192

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Hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) was administered to sleep-deprived (30 -36 h) rhesus monkeys immediately preceding testing on a multi-image delayed match-to-sample (DMS) short-term memory task. The DMS task used multiple delays and stimulus images and effectively measures cognitive defects produced by sleep deprivation (Porrino et al., 2005). Two methods of administration of orexin-A were tested, intravenous injections (2.5-10.0 g/kg, i.v.) and a novel method developed for nasal delivery via an atomizer spray mist to the nostrils (dose estimated 1.0 g/kg). Results showed that orexin-A delivered via the intravenous and nasal routes significantly improved performance in sleep-deprived monkeys; however, the nasal delivery method was significantly more effective than the highest dose (10 g/kg) of intravenous orexin-A tested. The improvement in performance by orexin-A was specific to trials classified as high versus low cognitive load as determined by performance difficulty under normal testing conditions. Except for the maximum intravenous dose (10 g/kg), neither delivery method affected task performance in alert non-sleep-deprived animals. The improved performance in sleep-deprived animals was accompanied by orexin-A related alterations in local cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) in specific brain regions shown previously to be engaged by the task and impaired by sleep deprivation (Porrino et al., 2005). Consistent with the differential effects on performance, nasal delivered orexin-A produced a more pronounced reversal of sleep deprivation induced changes in brain metabolic activity (CMRglc) than intravenous orexin-A. These findings provide strong evidence for the effectiveness of intranasal orexin-A in alleviating cognitive deficits produced by loss of sleep.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic and Nasal Delivery of Orexin-A (Hypocretin-1) Reduces the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Performance in Nonhuman Primates

Deadwyler¹,

Porrino²,

Siegel³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

239

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…and k� + k� ( = K) is determined from the slope of the semilogarithmic plot of the term get) minus LC as a function of time, similar to the procedure de scribed by Kennedy et al (1978).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Glucose Utilization in an Experimental Brain Tumor Model by the Deoxyglucose Method

Kato

Dikšić

Yamamoto

et al. 1985

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary: Reevaluation of lumped and rate constants is necessary when Sokoloff's 2-deoxyglucose (DO) method is used to measure glucose utilization in pathological tissue. We describe here a modification of Sokoloff's lumped constant measurement that permits simultaneous estimation of both lumped and rate constants from a single animal experiment. A subcutaneous tumor model (AA ascites tumor) was used for measurement of these constants with a procedure similar to Sokoloff's that kept the plasma tracer concentration constant. Measured con stants were as follows: lumped constant, 0.654 ± 0.081; kj, 0.196 ± 0.038 min-I; k'!J, 0.262 ± 0.067 min-I; kj, 0.117 ± 0.044 min -I. These constants were used to quan tify glucose utilization in the implanted brain tumor. To test the validity of this method, we compared a fractionThe 2-deoxyglucose (DG) method originally de veloped by Sokoloff et al. (1977) for measurement of the local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose is widely applied in animal studies employing the au toradiographic technique and in human studies em ploying positron emission tomography (P ET).When applied to pathological tissue, this method requires reevaluation of the lumped and rate con stants that appear in the operational equation (Eq. 1, below) for quantitative measurement of the glu cose utilization rate (Sokoloff, 1979). However, their measurement is only occasionally performed, as it requires a number of matched animals and the application of a complex mathematical operational equation on the time course of tissue and blood

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“…relatively rapid turnover rate (t 1 /2 for DG in rat of about 2.4 min (Sokoloff et al 1977) and monkey of 2 min (Kennedy et at : , 1978), and for FDG in humans , about 4.3 min (Phelps et al , 1979b;Huang et aI. , 1980) in gray matter); (3) the end product of deoxy glucose-6-phosphate, DG-6-P04 (FDG-6-P04) (Gal lagher et aI.…”

Section: Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%