Background: This study sought to determine the dynamics of IL gene expression during serous membrane damage using an animal model of aseptic peritoneal injury.Methods: In our study, we used 35 male Wistar rats. Macroscopic and microscopic studies were conducted between 6 hours and 30 days after peritoneal damage was induced. In the damaged peritoneal area, we assessed IL gene expression across the experimental timeframe.Results: We found that the majority of the studied genes had three characteristic peaks in expression: at 6 hours, on day 3, and on day 14. These effects were observed for chemokine (CXC motif) ligands 1 and 3, IL1b, and IL6. Two peaks of increased expression (on days 3 and 14) were noted for CXCL1, CXCL5, INFγ, IL2, IL4, IL10, TNF, and CD40LG.Conclusion: We hypothesize that the absence of attention to the changes that occur in the peritoneum after aseptic damage has prevented research from focusing on the important stage of the formation of the richly vascularized adhesions that are unable to regress. Based on the results of our study, we conclude that it is critically important to influence the last wave of IL expression activation (2 weeks after aseptic peritoneum damage) to effectively prevent adhesion formation.(International Journal of Biomedicine. 2017;7(4):293-297.)