Load peak shaving and power smoothing of a distribution grid with high renewable energy penetration

Abstract

High penetration of renewable energy poses a significant challenge in operation of power system. A potential solution for this problem is utilizing Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of BESS ability to peak shave and smooth the load curve of an actual circuit on the island of Maui in Hawaii. The distribution circuit has about 850kW of installed rooftop Photo-Voltaic (PV) generation. Higher penetration of PV increases the concern about the potential impacts on the transmission system. At first, we will present two different methods for load forecasting. Reliable forecasting of daily load is required to effectively utilize the BESS system. We have employed two different methods for load forecasting in order to achieve two main purposes including peak shaving and smoothing. For reaching these goals, two approaches are analyzed. The first approach is utilizing a nonlinear programming method in terms of load shifting and smoothing. The second approach includes a real time control strategy to have smoothing and peak shaving at the same time. As a real case study, these proposed methods have been applied within 108-day data collection period and pros and cons of these methods will be discussed.

Study on Pricing Mechanism of Cooling, Heating, and Electricity Considering Demand Response in the Stage of Park Integrated Energy System Planning

“…The peak energy demand required by cities becomes increasingly larger with social development and economic growth [1]. In order to meet the growing peak energy demand, the traditional approach is to increase the configuration capacity of the energy production system and transmission system continuously through methods such as using a standby diesel generator and upgrading the transmission system [2]. However, the annual working hours of additional energy production equipment are usually very low, and its initial investment and maintenance costs are not reduced in comparison.…”

“…The cost price of cooling, heating, and electricity equals the total cost divided by the total energy at time t, as shown in Equation (1), where f val c t , f val h t , and f val e t represent the total costs of cooling, heating, and electricity, respectively. Q c t can be obtained by summing the output of all the cooling devices at time t, as well as Q h t and Q e t for the heating and electrical devices, respectively, as shown in Equation (2).…”

Peak Forecasting for Battery-based Energy Optimizations in Campus Microgrids

“…Past work has cast this problem as an optimization problem where load forecasting is used to estimate future demand and the optimization determines the optimal amount of charging or discharging to maximize savings. Peak shaving [2,3,20,21,24] is a different type of energy optimization that is designed to address peak demand charges-in this case, the customer needs to predict when their demand is likely to peak, and operate the battery during this period to "clip" the peak. In this case, it is more critical to determine when the local demand from the customer will peak during each day, a problem we refer to as peak forecasting.…”

New Configuration and Novel Reclosing Procedure of Distribution System for Utilization of BESS as UPS in Smart Grid

“…In addition, various studies have been performed. In [1][2][3][4][5], the control strategies for the output smoothing through linkage of the BESS and renewable energy were discussed. In [6][7][8][9], the energy management strategy using a BESS were discussed.…”