Study on Pricing Mechanism of Cooling, Heating, and Electricity Considering Demand Response in the Stage of Park Integrated Energy System Planning

Abstract

With the opening of the Chinese electricity market, as a retailer that provides energy services to consumers, the park-integrated energy system (PIES) not only serves as an effective way to earn benefits and reduce carbon emissions but also impacts the energy consumption characteristics of consumers. The PIES implements this function by adjusting the energy selling price in free energy markets. The pricing mechanism model (P-M model) is established to obtain the energy selling price in the planning and design stages. In this model, the impact of the demand response on the energy configuration and the impact of the changes in energy configuration on the energy cost price are both considered. Additionally, the optimal result ensures that both the consumers and the PIES benefit simultaneously. The reactive demand response zone, which represents a consumer trap, is found in numerical studies. The results indicate the following: (1) from the perspective of P-M model optimization, the benefit exclusive point of the PIES is the optimal solution in the short term; (2) from the perspective of the long-term benefit, the ultimate result in the relationship between the PIES and consumers is that the PIES will share its profits with consumers; in other words, benefit sharing point is the optimal solution for the long term.

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Fuzzy Win-Win: A Novel Approach to Quantify Win-Win Using Fuzzy Logic

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