Living Reptiles of the World

Schmidt, Karl P.; Inger, Robert F.

doi:10.2307/1440578

Cited by 78 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…In this study, both from field observations and pellet analysis, adults of this lizard were found to be strictly herbivorous during monsoon as has been earlier reported by Anderson (1898), Purves (1915), Smith (1935), Krishna (1955), Krishna & Dave (1956), Schmidt & Inger (1957), Cloudsley-Thompson & Chadwick (1964), Minton (1966), Kevork & Al-Uthman (1972), Sharma & Vazirani (1977), Cunningham (2001), Sharma (2002), Das & Pandey (2005), and Wilms et al (2009b). The presence of a negligible amount of insect parts in their diet appears to have been ingested accidentally along with the plant parts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Ecological observations on the Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard Saara hardwickii (Gray, 1827) (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) in Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India

Das¹,

Dookia²,

Das³

et al. 2013

J. Threat. Taxa

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Abstract:Observations on the Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard Saara hardwickii (Gray, 1827) were undertaken in Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India during the monsoons (July) following quadrat sampling that was time-constrained. The study revealed that the area is one of the preferable habitats for the species. A population analysis showed that the relative abundance of the subadults was higher, followed by juveniles and adults during the study period. The beginning of activity of the lizards was found to vary over the study period depending on prevailing weather conditions. The activity pattern was bimodal, except across rain events. The study revealed two important ecological findings about these lizards; complete sealing of burrow during rains which differed from partial sealing on normal days and complete diurnal cycle of body colour changes during the monsoon. Feeding was the predominant activity of this lizard followed by basking, resting and chasing each other. The adult lizards were found to be strictly herbivorous, in spite of an abundance of insects available in the area during the period. Subadults and juveniles were found to eat both plant parts, as well as insects. Microhabitat use such as inside grass clumps was found to be higher followed by barren ground, under shade and on stones.Keywords: Activity pattern, borrow sealing, colour change, food and feeding, habitat use, population, Rajasthan, Spiny-tailed Lizard, Wildlife Sanctuary.Hindi Abstract: rky Nkij oU;tho vH;kj.; es a Hkkjrh; dka W Vs nkj&iw W Nokyh fNidyh Saara hardwickii (Gray, 1827) ij oS Kkfud vuos D'k.k fd;k x;kA vË;;u DokMjs V fofèk (quadrat sampling method) vkS j flfer le;kofèk (time-constrained) ls ekulw u vofèk ds tq ykÃ ekg es a fd;k x;kA vË;;u es a ;gkW a dk okl&LFkku bl iz tkfr ds fy, eq [; #i ls ila fnnk okl&LFkku ik;k x;kA tula [;k fo"ys 'k.k es a vèkZ o;Ld dh la [;k lcls T;knk] fd"kks j vkS j o;Ld dh mÙkjks rj la [;k de ikbZ xbZ A bl iz tkfr ds nS fud xfrfofèk;ks a ds le; es a egÙoiw .kZ #i ls ekS le ds vuq #i nS fud ifjorZ u ik;k x;kA bldk nS fud fØ;kDyki] o'kkZ ds le; dks Nks Mdj] ckbZ eks My ns [kk x;kA bl vË;;u es a eq [; #i ls bl iz tkfr ds nks ikfjfLFfrdh igyw fudy dj vk,( o'kkZ ds nkS jku fcy dks iw .kZ r;k ca n djuk ogha lkekU; fnuks a es a vkèkk ca n djuk vkS j blds fnu ds le; "kjhj ds ja x dks ifjofrZ r djus dk pØA nS fud fØ;kDyki es a [kkuk [kkus es a lokZ fËkd le; O;rhr fd;k x;k ogh lw ;Z dh jks "kuh es a "kjhj dks rkiuk] vkjke djuk vkS j ,d&nw ljs dk fiNk djuk bldh vU; xfrfofËk;kW a FkhA o;Ld fNidfy;kW a iw .kZ r;k "kkdkgkjh ns [kh xbZ ] ogh ekulw u vofèk es a fdVks a dh ckgw Y;rk FkhA vèkZ o;Ld vkS j fd"kks jks a dks ikniks a ds Òkx ds lkFk& lkFk fdVks a dk Òh ÒD'k.k djrs ns [kk x;kA bl iz tkfr )kjk lq {e okl&LFkku ds #i es a ?kkl ds >q ..k lcls ila fnnk ns [kk x;s ogh likV èkjry] Nk;k vkS j Nks Vs iÙFkj Øe"k% de ila n fd;s x;s A ISSN Online 0974-7907 Print 0974-7893

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Ecological observations on the Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard Saara hardwickii (Gray, 1827) (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) in Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India

Das¹,

Dookia²,

Das³

et al. 2013

J. Threat. Taxa

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“…Anolis carolinensis uses its tail primarily for balance in its arboreal habitat (Ballinger 1973) as does Urosaurus graciosus (Vitt and Ohmart 1975). Iguana iguana and Ctenosaura pectinata use their tails for defense (Schmidt andInger 1957, Ethridge 1967) and Amblyrhynchus cristatus for swimming (Carpenter 1966), all examples of retention adaptations. Uta stansburiana (Tinkle 1967) Urosaurus ornatus (see Parker 1973, Vitt 1974) possess tails that are easily autotomized and frequency of tail breaks is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been few experimental studies concerning tail adaptations in lizards (but see Clark 1971, Ballinger 1973. Consequently, most of our knowledge about these adaptations is conjecture about tail break frequency data from free-living populations (Haldane and Huxley 1927, Pianka 1965, Tinkle 1967, and others) and behavioral anecdotes (Schmidt and Inger 1957, Vitt et al 1974). Finally, interpretations of the adaptive significance of tail autotomy often have been inconsistent with evolutionary theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Strategies and Energetics of Tail Autonomy in Lizards

Vitt¹,

Congdon²,

Dickson³

1977

Ecology

167

121

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Various methods were used to study and qualify components of tail autotomy adaptation in four species of lizards; Coleonyx var eiegatus (Gekoniadae), Eumeces skiltonianus and Eumeces gilberti (Scincidae), and Gerrhomotus multicar inatus (Aguidae). High frequency of tail breaks in natural population of these species (65%, 62%, 52%, and 74% respectively) suggests the effectiveness of autotomy for predator escape. In species where tail autotomy is most important for escape, regenerated tails are as large or larger than the original tails. Regenerated tails were higher in lipids and energy than original tails, which were, in turn, higher than bodies. The species with alternate uses for the tail (other than predator escape via autotomy) exhibited lower rates of energy allocation to regeneration and the regenerated tails were lower in energy content (both per unit weight and total, proportionately) than tails of other species studied. Total growth energy allocated to tail regeneration varied from 24.7% in G. multicarinatus (the species least adapted for autotomy) to 56.5% in E. gilberti (a species highly adapted for autotomy). Regeneration was most rapid in short—lived early—maturing species, those with several breeding opportunities in a given season. Species with high probabilities of future reproductions (long—lived, late—maturing) and short, seasonally restricted breeding seasons, regenerated tails at low rates. Energy allocations to tail regeneration were varied within and among species. Generally, immatures of all species except G. multicarinatus allocated proportionately less to tail regeneration and more to body growth than adults. Energy allocations to tail regeneration in G. multicarnatus were relatively consistent across age groups. A summary of pathways by which autotomy adaptations may be selected for, or by which retention adaptations may evolve, is presented.

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“…Second, Chamaeleo jacksonii has a wide diet and appears to opportunistically eat most invertebrate species that happen to present themselves. We failed to find vertebrates in the stomachs examined by us, but other species of similar-sized chameleons are known to eat them (Burrage 1973;Luiselli and Rugiero 1996;Keren-Rotem et al 2006), and larger species will eat adult passerines (Schmidt and Inger 1965;García and Vences 2002), sometimes catching them on the wing (C. Raxworthy, pers. comm.).…”

Section: Conservation Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Diet and conservation implications of an invasive chameleon, Chamaeleo jacksonii (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) in Hawaii

et al. 2011

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We summarize information on current distribution of the invasive lizard Chamaeleo jacksonii and predict its potential distribution in the Hawaiian Islands. Potential distribution maps are based on climate models developed from known localities in its native range and its Hawaiian range. We also present results of analysis of stomach contents of a sample of 34 chameleons collected from native, predominantly dryland, forest on Maui. These data are the first summarizing prey range of this non-native species in an invaded native-forest setting. Potential distribution models predict that the species can occur throughout most of Hawaii from sea level to [2,100 m elevation. Important features of this data set are that approximately one-third of the diet of these lizards is native insects, and the lizards are consuming large numbers of arthropods each day. Prey sizes span virtually the entire gamut of native Hawaiian arthropod diversity, thereby placing a large number of native species at risk of predation. Our dietary results contrast with expectations for most iguanian lizards and support suggestions that chameleons comprise a third distinct foraging-mode category among saurians. The combination of expanding distribution, large potential range size, broad diet, high predation rates, and high densities of these chameleons imply that they may well become a serious threat to some of the Hawaiian fauna.

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Living Reptiles of the World

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Ecological observations on the Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard Saara hardwickii (Gray, 1827) (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) in Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India

Ecological observations on the Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard Saara hardwickii (Gray, 1827) (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) in Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India

Adaptive Strategies and Energetics of Tail Autonomy in Lizards

Diet and conservation implications of an invasive chameleon, Chamaeleo jacksonii (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) in Hawaii

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