Live Performance, Water Intake and Excreta Characteristics of Broilers Fed All Vegetable Diets Based on Corn and Soybean Meal

Abatement of odour emissions has become an important consideration to agricultural industries, including poultry production. The link between diet and odour emissions was studied in two experiments using Ross 308 male meat chickens reared in specially designed chambers in a climate controlled room. In the first experiment, two treatments were compared using three replicates of two birds per chamber. Two wheat-soy based treatment diets were formulated with or without canola seed, an ingredient rich in sulfur amino acids. Treatment 1 (T1) had 13.39 MJ/kg ME (as fed) and used 60 g/kg canola seed without corn while Treatment 2 (T2) contained 12.90 MJ/kg ME (as fed) and used 150 g/kg corn without canola seed. In the second experiment, birds were assigned to three dietary treatments of five replicates with five birds per replicate (chamber). The basal starter, grower and finisher diets in the control group (SBM group) contained soybean meal in the range of 227–291 g/kg (as fed) as the main protein source. The other treatments (CM and MBM groups) contained either high levels of canola meal (174–190 g/kg) or meat meal (74–110 g/kg) at the expense of soybean meal. In both experiments, diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous and contained similar digestible amino acid contents as per 2007 Aviagen Ross 308 guidelines. Emissions of odour were measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In both experiments, major odorous compounds detected included 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl), 2-butanone, dimethyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, 2-butanol, 3-methyl-butanal, phenol and m-cresol. In the first experiment, T1 (with canola seed) produced higher concentration of methyl mercaptan (P < 0.05) and lower diacetyl (P < 0.01) than T2. In the second experiment, methyl mercaptan emission was higher in SBM group (P = 0.01) and total elemental sulfur were higher in SBM and CM groups up to day 24 (P < 0.01). Results of these experiments indicated a direct link between diet and odour emissions from meat chickens.

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Effect of protein sources on performance characteristics of turkeys in the first three weeks of life

Ross

Bryan

Abbott

et al. 2019

Animal Nutrition

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The effect of nutrition during the early life of turkey poults has a long-lasting impact on bird performance. This study assessed the digestibility of 5 high protein feed ingredients (soybean meal [SBM], corn gluten meal [CGM], canola protein concentrate [CPC], fish meal [FM], and porcine meal [PCM]) in broiler chickens, as well as their use in turkey pre-starter diets fed to 21 d of age. The first experiment (5 × 2 factorial arrangement) determined nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD) of each ingredient in broiler chickens at 5 and 21 d of age, using 6 replications of 30 and 8 chicks, respectively. In the second experiment (completely randomized design), 4 replication pens, containing 23 d-old poults, were randomly assigned to one of 5 dietary treatments. The diets were formulated based on the AMEn and AIAAD values derived in the first experiment, and consisted of a high SBM control diet, and 4 additional diets with either CPC, FM, PCM or CGM replacing 25% of the protein supplied by SBM in the control diet. Statistical analysis was completed using Proc Mixed in SAS 9.3. Planned contrasts were used to compare treatments in the second experiment. Trends were identified at P < 0.10 and significant differences identified at P ≤ 0.05. Bird age did not affect CPC, FM, CGM, and SBM AMEn, but the PCM value at d 5 was higher than that at d 21. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility increased with age for most amino acids (AA), but the response was AA and protein source dependent. The largest average increase in AIAAD between 5 and 21 d of age was observed for CGM. Inclusion of CPC, FM, PCM, or CGM increased body weight up to 14 d, in comparison to poults fed the SBM diet, but feed efficiency and water consumption were not affected. Terminal ileum digesta moisture values were higher for birds fed SBM when compared to those fed PCM. These results demonstrate that combining SBM with CPC, FM, PCM, or CGM improves poult performance during the first 14 d of life in comparison to feeding SBM alone.

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Live Performance, Water Intake and Excreta Characteristics of Broilers Fed All Vegetable Diets Based on Corn and Soybean Meal

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Holistic view of intestinal health in poultry

Holistic view of intestinal health in poultry

Dietary composition affects odour emissions from meat chickens

Effect of protein sources on performance characteristics of turkeys in the first three weeks of life

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