Holistic view of intestinal health in poultry

Oviedo-Rondón, E. O.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.009

Cited by 89 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…During the last three decades, the way of considering the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of food-producing animals has been revolutionised. This new point of view made us aware of the real complexity of such anatomical system fulfilling digestive, absorptive, metabolic, immunological, and endocrinological roles [1]. That is why the locution "gut health" entered collective consciousness of livestock industry and researchers [2], becoming a new paradigm in animal science [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alternative Administration Programs of a Synbiotic Supplement on Broiler Performance, Foot Pad Dermatitis, Caecal Microbiota, and Blood Metabolites

Brugaletta

Cesare

Zampiga

et al. 2020

Animals

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This research investigated the effects of different synbiotic administration programs on broiler productive performance and foot pad dermatitis (FPD). Molecular insights on caecal microbiota and plasma metabolomics were also performed. - A total of 1000 one-day-old male chicks were grouped by the synbiotic treatment. The synbiotic was either sprayed as gel droplets onto newly hatched chicks at the hatchery (100 g/10,000 birds) or supplemented in-feed during the entire rearing period (1000, 500, and 250 g/ton according to feeding phase), or both. Only the treatments’ combination produced significant results in comparison with the control group (untreated), improving feed conversion ratio from 14 to 29 d and in the overall period of the trial (1.570 vs. 1.509 and 1.643 vs. 1.596, respectively; p < 0.05) while lowering FPD occurrence at slaughter (17% vs. 5%; p < 0.05). These findings can be related to significant variations of caecal microbiota, like higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (with favorable implications for host’s energy-harvesting potential from the diet) and more beneficial microbial consortium presumably sustaining eubiosis. Overall, these results indicate that administering synbiotics through gel droplets at the hatchery combined to in-feed supplementation for the whole growing cycle positively affects broiler feed efficiency and welfare.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alternative Administration Programs of a Synbiotic Supplement on Broiler Performance, Foot Pad Dermatitis, Caecal Microbiota, and Blood Metabolites

Brugaletta

Cesare

Zampiga

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Thus, it is believed that the decreased performance in AGP-free production is due to increased challenges that the GIT experiences, resulting the induction of chronic low-level gut inflammation. Therefore, sustainable antibiotic-free poultry production will be dependent upon a better understanding of gut health and its application in production systems [11]. Consequently, gut health has been a primary focus in the non-AGP era and has become one of the most used phrases in the scientific lexicon of animal production and research [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Factors as Triggers of Low-Grade Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Poultry

Pont¹,

Farnell²,

Farnell³

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Inflammation is the reaction of the immune system to an injury; it is aimed at the recovery and repair of damaged tissue. The inflammatory response can be beneficial to the animal since it will reestablish tissue homeostasis if well regulated. However, if it is not controlled, inflammation might lead to a chronic response with a subsequent loss of tissue function. The intestine is constantly exposed to a number of environmental triggers that stimulate inflammation and lead to a reduction in performance. The diet and dietary components constitute consistent inflammatory triggers in poultry. Dietary components, such as anti-nutritional compounds, oxidized lipids, mycotoxins, and excess of soluble fiber or protein, are all capable of inducing a low-grade inflammatory response in the intestine of broilers throughout a 5-week grow-out period. We hypothesized that dietary factor-induced chronic intestinal inflammation is a key driver of the lower performance and higher incidence of intestinal problems observed in poultry production. Therefore, this review was aimed at exploring feed-induced chronic inflammation in poultry, the constituents of the diet that might act as inflammatory triggers and the possible effects of chronic intestinal inflammation on the poultry industry.

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“…The important roles of intestinal functional state have been increasingly recognized in contributing to the overall health and production performance of poultry [5,6], probably because the intestine possesses a wide variety of different physiological functions such as barrier function, immune defense, lipid metabolism, detoxification and neuroendocrine function [6][7][8][9], in addition to serving as the principal site for nutrient absorption. Since there was a deterioration of intestinal functioning such as absorption and barrier dysfunction, immune and defense defects in older animals as compared with young animals [10,11], the laying hens in the late and peak phase of production were speculated to display distinct differences in terms of intestinal functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanism Underlying the Differential Intestinal Functionality of Laying Hens in the Late Phase and Peak Phase of Production

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: The compromised performance of laying hens in the late phase of production relative to the peak production was thought to be associated with the impairment of intestinal functionality, which plays essential roles in contributing to their overall health and production performance. In the present study, RNA sequencing was used to investigate differences in the expression profile of intestinal functionality-related genes and associated pathways between laying hens in the late phase and peak phase of production. Results : A total of 104 upregulated genes with 190 downregulated genes were identified in the ileum (the distal small intestine) of laying hens in the late phase of production compared to those at peak production. These upregulated genes were found to be enriched in little KEGG pathway, however, the downregulated genes were enriched in the pathways of PPAR signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and glutathione metabolism. Besides, these downregulated genes were mapped to several GO clusters in relation to lipid metabolism, electron transport of respiratory chain, and oxidation resistance. Similarly, there were lower activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and Na + /K + -ATPase, and reductions of total antioxidant capacity and ATP level, along with an elevation in malondialdehyde content in the ileum of laying hens in the late phase of production as compared with those at peak production. Conclusions: The intestine of laying hens in the late phase of production were predominantly characterized by a disorder of lipid metabolism, concurrent with impairments of energy production and antioxidant property. This study uncovers the mechanism underlying differences between the intestinal functionality of laying hens in the late phase and peak phase of production, thereby providing potential targets for the genetic control or dietary modulation of intestinal hypofunction of laying hens in the late phase of production.

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Holistic view of intestinal health in poultry

Cited by 89 publications

References 84 publications

Effects of Alternative Administration Programs of a Synbiotic Supplement on Broiler Performance, Foot Pad Dermatitis, Caecal Microbiota, and Blood Metabolites

Effects of Alternative Administration Programs of a Synbiotic Supplement on Broiler Performance, Foot Pad Dermatitis, Caecal Microbiota, and Blood Metabolites

Dietary Factors as Triggers of Low-Grade Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Poultry

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanism Underlying the Differential Intestinal Functionality of Laying Hens in the Late Phase and Peak Phase of Production

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