LIV Inner Ear Pathology Due to Measles

Lindsay, John R.; Hemenway, William G.

doi:10.1177/000348945406300310

Cited by 108 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is not the purpose of this article to examine the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of all of these diseases but simply to point out that in correlational studies, there may be confounding factors that could also account for the statistical relationships found. The current histopathological findings contradict the theory that vascular disease or a vascular event is the etiological basis for sudden hearing loss and are much more suggestive of a viral etiology, as described by Lindsay et al 1,2 in cases of known viral etiology (i.e., measles and mumps). Clinically, a widely accepted first-line treatment for ISSNHL is the use of steroids, orally or by intratympanic injection.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Vascular or Viral?

Linthicum¹,

Doherty²,

Berliner³

2013

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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Objective-To demonstrate that sudden sensorineural hearing loss is possibly of viral origin rather than vascular.Study Design-The histopathologic morphology in 7 temporal bones with known vascular impairment due to surgical interventions was compared with that of 11 bones with a history of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Attention was paid to the spiral ligament, stria vascularis, organ of Corti hair cells, tectorial membrane, ganglion cell population, and degree of perilymph fibrosis and the auditory nerve.Setting-A temporal bone laboratory that has been in operation for more than 50 years and includes a database consisting of clinical and histopathological information that facilitates quantitative and qualitative analysis.Subjects-Eight hundred forty-nine individuals who pledged their temporal bones for scientific study, of which 18 were selected for this study by means of the database criteria of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and postmiddle fossa and retro sigmoid sinus tumor removal or vestibular nerve section.Results-Sudden sensorineural hearing loss bones exhibited no perilymph fibrosis compared with 6 of 7 vascular cases with fibrosis (P ≤ .001), exhibited less loss of ganglion cells (P ≤ .026), exhibited greater survival of spiral ligament (P ≤ .029), and averaged twice the survival of hair cells and more widespread tectorial membrane abnormalities.Conclusion-Analysis of human temporal bones from patients with a sudden sensorineural hearing loss does not support a vascular insufficiency but is more suggestive of a viral etiology. Materials and MethodsThe temporal bone laboratory of our institution contains 840 pairs of temporal bones with accompanying complete clinical records. This study is in compliance with regulations of the institutional review board of St. Vincent Medical Center #06-030, October 4, 2012. Most bones are from patients in our own pledge program, but a few are from the National Temporal Bone Registry From the database containing information on these bones, a total of 7 bones from 6 patients were found that had undergone middle fossa, suboccipital, or retrolabyrinthine surgery for the removal of vestibular nerve schwannomas or vestibular nerve lysis for the relief of the vertigo of Ménière's disease. These approaches were used to preserve the patient's serviceable hearing. In all cases, the auditory nerve was left intact. The postoperative hearing loss could be attributed only to an inadvertent interruption of the blood supply. These cases were designated the postoperative vascular group. A total of 11 cases in the database were identified with ISSNHL. The bones had been fixed with buffered formalin, decalcified with ethylenediaminotetraacedic acid until shown by xray to be free of calcium, embedded in celloidin, and cut into 20-μm sections on a sliding microtome. Every 10th section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and mounted on glass slides and cover slipped. The percentages of normal spiral ligament, stria vascularis, hair cells, and peripher...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Vascular or Viral?

Linthicum¹,

Doherty²,

Berliner³

2013

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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“…Loss of hearing is commonly associated with MV infections [94]. A key complication is otitis media, which occurs in up to 10% of individuals who have been hospitalized due to the acute infection [95][96][97].…”

Section: Hearing Loss and Measles Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, sensorineural loss has been linked to ADEM [101] and pathological alterations have been reported to occur in the inner ear [94,[102][103][104]. However, to this day, the precise role that MV plays in irreversible deafness is uncertain, as neither viral antigen nor RNA has been detected in samples from the inner ear.…”

Section: Hearing Loss and Measles Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Rima

Duprex

2005

The Journal of Pathology

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Morbilliviruses are a group of viruses that belong to the family Paramyxoviridae. The most instantly recognizable member is measles virus (MV) and individuals acutely infected with the virus exhibit a wide range of clinical symptoms ranging from a characteristic mild selflimiting infection to death. Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rinderpest virus (RPV) cause a similar but distinctive pathology in dogs and cattle, respectively, and these, alongside experimental MV infection of primates, have been useful models for MV pathogenesis. Traditionally, viruses were identified because a distinctive disease was observed in man or animals; an infectious agent was subsequently isolated, cultured, and this could be used to recapitulate the disease in an experimentally infected host. Thus, satisfying Koch's postulates has been the norm. More recently, particularly due to the advent of exceedingly sensitive molecular biological assays, many researchers have looked for infectious agents in disease conditions for which a viral aetiology has not been previously established. For these cases, the modified Koch's postulates of Bradford Hill have been developed as criteria to link a virus to a specific disease. Only in a few cases have these conditions been fulfilled. Therefore, many viruses have over the years been definitely and tentatively linked to human diseases and in this respect the morbilliviruses are no different. In this review, human diseases associated with morbillivirus infection have been grouped into three broad categories: (1) those which are definitely caused by the infection; (2) those which may be exacerbated or facilitated by an infection; and (3) those which currently have limited, weak, unsubstantiated or no credible scientific evidence to support any link to a morbillivirus. Thus, an attempt has been made to clarify the published data and separate human diseases actually linked to morbilliviruses from those that are merely anecdotally associated.

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“…Nager [22] described atrophy of the stria vascularis. Lindsay and Hemenway [23] described the pathology of the tectorial membrane which was missing or detached, spherically deformed and sometimes encapsulated by a layer of flattened cells. Cochlear neurons may be severely depleted.…”

Section: Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Etiology for Inner Ear Diseases: Proven, Unproven, Unlikely

Oliveira

Sampaio

Bahmad

et al. 2008

ORL

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This is a revision article that deals with the broad field of inner ear disease caused by viral infections. Some of these entities have been proven to have a viral etiology. Others have strong evidence in favor of a viral causation but still cannot be considered as a viral disease. Finally, other entities are suggestive of a viral etiology but when the whole body of evidence is considered one concludes that a viral etiology is indeed unlikely. We review the literature and add our own experience in this subject. Clearly, the most important evidence about this subject came from the study of temporal bone histopathology. Certainly, we can learn much more if we continue to collect and study temporal bone specimens histopathologically.

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LIV Inner Ear Pathology Due to Measles

Cited by 108 publications

References 8 publications

Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Vascular or Viral?

Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Vascular or Viral?

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Viral Etiology for Inner Ear Diseases: Proven, Unproven, Unlikely

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