Listening to Music During Cystoscopy Decreases Anxiety, Pain, and Dissatisfaction in Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether listening to music during cystoscopy decreases anxiety, pain, and dissatisfaction among patients and results in a more comfortable and better-tolerated procedure. Materials and Methods: Seventy male patients who underwent rigid cystoscopy between May 2011 and December 2011 were randomized into the following: no music (Group I, n = 35) or classical music during procedure (Group II, n = 35). Before cystoscopy, lidocaine gel was instilled in the urethra, and both groups viewed their procedures on a video monitor. Anxiety levels were quantified according to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A visual analog scale (0-10) was used for a self-assessment of satisfaction, discomfort, and willingness among patients to repeat the cystoscopy. Results: Demographic characteristics, mean age, procedure duration, and procedure indications were statistically similar between the two groups. The mean anxiety level and mean pain score of Group II were significantly lower than those of Group I ( p < 0.001 for both). Group II also carried a significant greater mean satisfaction score compared with Group I ( p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were detected between groups in the postprocedural pulse rate and the systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.012 and p = 0.008, respectively), whereas preprocedure pulse rate and systolic blood pressure were similar. Conclusions: Listening to music during rigid cystoscopy significantly reduces feelings of pain, discomfort, and dissatisfaction. Music can serve as a simple, inexpensive, and effective adjunct to sedation during cystoscopy. We recommend the application of music during rigid cystoscopy for clinical use.

Is Diagnostic Cystoscopy Painful? Analysis of 1,320 Consecutive Procedures

“…Calleary et al (11) proposed that the addition of nitrous oxide inhalation for men younger than 55 years who were undergoing flexible cystoscopy. The quest for pain and anxiety relief during cystoscopy continued with Yeo et al (12) reporting that listening to classical music during cystoscopy (using a rigid cystoscope) significantly reduced pain and discomfort levels. Zhang et al (13) and Somooro et al (14) observed a beneficial effect on pain level by allowing the patient to view the cystoscopy on a screen.…”

Evaluating the Factors Associated with Pain Perception During Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy: Is Music One of Them?

“…17 The positive effect of music on pain and anxiety in surgical procedures has been evaluated and proven by many studies. [18][19][20] It may be logical to use music in prostate biopsy to reduce anxiety by music-induced attention shift during this unwilling procedure. Tsivian et al used music and found beneficial impact on procedural anxiety and pain perception.…”

Is There Any Effect of Music on Pain Perception During Cystoscopy Under Local Anaesthesia?

“…There are some studies about feasibility of outpatient rigit cystoscopy. [7][8][9] In some studies, local anaesthetic gel maintenance time was recommended to be at least 15 minutes to minimize the pain perception and improve tolerance of the cystoscope. 10 We also used 2% lidocain gel instillation to urethra and waited 15 minutes before insertion of the rigit cystoscope to all patients as recommended.…”