To evaluate the testicular damage caused by COVID‐19, we prospectively evaluated 44 patients who applied to the COVID‐19 outpatient clinic between March 2020 and July 2020. Patients' ages, COVID‐19 PCR results, presence of pneumonia, total testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) values were recorded. It was evaluated whether there were significant differences between people who were positive for COVID‐19 and those who were not. Any differences between those who had COVID‐19 pneumonia and those who did not were also recorded. There was no difference between the FSH, LH and testosterone values of the COVID‐19 PCR positive and negative patients ( p = 0.80, vp = 0.62, p = 0.56 respectively). However when LH values were separated as low, normal and high, LH values were statistically significantly higher in the COVID‐19 PCR positive group ( p = 0.04). Thoracic computed tomography was performed in 42 patients. Testosterone levels were significantly lower in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia ( p = 0.01). When FSH, LH and testosterone values were separated as low, normal and high, there was no difference in FSH and LH values ( p = 1, p = 0.2). Testosterone levels were found significantly lower in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia ( p < .001). Testosterone levels seem to decrease during acute COVID‐19 infection, especially in the patient group with viral pneumonia.

The aim of the study is to investigate whether there is an effect of adult circumcision on ejaculation parameters and to research the relationship between intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT). Adults who underwent voluntary circumcision between September 2010 and November 2011 were enrolled in this prospective study. The IELT before and 3 months following circumcision was recorded. Also, PEDT was filled out before and 3 months after circumcision. During statistical evaluation, the comparison of situations before and after circumcision was made using IELT averages and PEDT total scores. Furthermore, the correlation between changes in IELT and PEDT has also been evaluated. A total of 30 volunteers (mean age 21.25±0.44) were enrolled in the study. The volunteers' mean and median IELT before were 104.36±66.21 and 88 (26-307) seconds, whereas mean and median IELT after circumcision were 123.56±54.44 and 107.5 (67-300) seconds, respectively. The increase after circumcision was statistically significant (P=0.001). The mean and median PEDT score were 4.26±2.91 and 3 (1-12) before, and 2.63±1.82 and 2 (0-7) after circumcision. Improvement was statistically significant (P<0.0001). No correlation could be found between ejaculation time and PEDT scores. Circumcision during adulthood does not adversely affect ejaculatory function; it may slightly improve. However, it could not be interpreted as a justification for circumcision in men with premature ejaculation (PE).

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and histopathological results of adult unilateral cryptorchidism patients. Material and methods:Data from adult unilateral cryptorchidism patients that underwent orchiectomy in our clinic between between January 2004 and March 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups as intra-abdominal, inguinal canal and superficial inguinal region according to the location of the undescended testes. Patients were also grouped according to their testicular volume (<4 cc, 4.1-12 cc, and >12 cc). Histopathology results of orchiectomy specimens were classified as follows: 1. Sertoli cells only, testicular atrophy and vanished testis (anorchia) 2. Hypospermatogenesis, and 3. Maturation arrest. Patients were grouped as normospermia, azoospermia and oligo/astheno/teratospermia groups according to semen analysis results. Correlations between testicular localization, testicular size, semen analysis and pathology results were evaluated. Incidental tumor detection rates were also calculated.Results: Two hundred and forty-four adult unilateral cryptorchidism patients underwent orchiectomy in our clinic. There was no a significant relationship between location of the testis and testicular pathology results (p= 0.707). Most common semen analysis results was normospermia in patients with high testicular volume group however azoospermia and oligoasthenospermia observed commonly in patients with low testicular volume group. There was a significant relationship between testicular volume and semen analysis results (p= 0.023). No significant relationship was observed between semen analysis and pathological results (p= 0.929). After an evaluation of all factors with possible effects on the semen analysis results, only testicular volume (p= 0.036) was found to have a significant impact. Only one case (0.4%) was incidentally diagnosed seminoma after a review of 233 patients with available histopathological results on record. Conclusion:Adult unilateral cryptorchidism has a minimal effect on male fertility or even this effect can be overlooked. Low detection rates of incidental germ cell tumors also make an orchiectomy decision questionable in such cases.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate and determine the frequency of Transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2)-ERG fusion in Turkish patients with clinically localized prostate cancer by using immunohistochemistry and reveal its relationship with clinicopathologic variables. Material and methods:Radical prostatectomy specimens of 99 patients, who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for localized cancer, between January 2002 and December 2011 were analyzed in the study. To detect ERG fusions, monoclonal ERG antibodyclone ID: EPR3864 (Epitomics, San Diego, CA, USA) and monoclonal anti-ERG antibody (9FY) (BiocareMedical, LLC, USA) were used. The immunistochemical expression of ERG protein was assessed as positive or negative regardless of stain intensity. Patients' age, total and primary Gleason scores, PSA levels, prostate volumes, tumor volumes, tumor stages and perineural invasion status were analysed retrospectively. Total fusion rate and correlation between the variables and fusion were evaluated. Results:Mean age, prostate volume, tumor volume, PSA value of 99 patients were 62.02 years (±5.93), 50.02 cc (±20.67), 3.19 cc (±4.16), and 9.34 ng/mL (±3.37) respectively. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was seen in 46 (46.5%) of 99 patients. When the variables analysed with independent samples t test to predict fusion (+) status, none of them was found to be statistically significant. When evaluated by logistic regression analysis for (+) or (-) status, only tumor stage was found to be statistically significantly correlated with fusion (p=0.049). Conclusion:The incidence of TMPRSS-ERG fusion in patients with localised prostate cancer in our study with Turkish population was found as 46.5%. Only tumor stage correlated with TMPRSS2-ERG fusion.

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Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly in which the urethral meatus is not placed in its usual place at the tip of the glans penis where the ventral aspect of the opening is usually unformed (Baskin & Ebbers, 2006). Its treatment is surgical repair mostly best performed in early ages. Distal hypospadias defined as meatus placed glandular, coronal, subcoronal and distal penile place (Baskin & Ebbers, 2006). Many techniques have been described for surgical repair (Hamdy et al., 1999). The most popular of these are tubularised incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty and meatal advancement and glanuloplasty incorporation (MAGPI). TIP urethroplasty was described by Snodgrass and then became popular (Snodgrass et al., 1998). A catheter is left in the urethra following the TIP urethroplasty and remains for a week to support the healing and formation process of the neo-urethra. The idea of following the patient at home with this catheter makes families nervous and causes extra morbidity to the child. However, there is usually no need for a catheter to be left in the urethra following MAGPI. Therefore, MAGPI can be a better and easier option both for child/families and caregivers in mild hypospadias cases. MAGPI is mostly used in patients with glanular-coronal hypospadias with no severe chordee (Duckett & Snyder, 1991). Hypospadias repair can be done both in general and local anaesthesia (Soydan et al., 2015). Hypospadias repair can also be

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