Liquid culturing of microsclerotia of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris, a potential biological control agent for the management of hydrilla

Shearer, Judy F.; Jackson, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.04.012

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This phenomenon was also seen in MS of C. truncatum produced in liquid cultures (Jackson & Schisler 1995), suggesting the possibility of MS undergoing a maturation process when kept in refrigeration. The formation of MS by T. harzianum T-22 in liquid culture follows a developmental pattern similar to that seen in other fungi including C. truncatum (Jackson & Schisler 1995), M. terrestris (Shearer & Jackson 2006) and Metarhizium spp. (Jackson & Jaronski 2009;Mascarin et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Although submerged conidia, mycelia, and chlamydospores of T. harzianum can be produced using liquid fermentation, these fungal forms are often produced in low yield, lack storage stability, or persist poorly in soil. While previous studies with other biocontrol fungi have shown that microsclerotia (MS) of Colletotrichum truncatum, Mycoleptodiscus terrestris, and Metarhizium brunneum could be rapidly produced in liquid culture, there are no reports of sclerotia formation in the genus Trichoderma (Jackson & Schisler 1995;Shearer & Jackson 2006;Jackson & Jaronski 2009, 2012Behle & Jackson 2014). Fungal MS are preferable propagules for application in soil since they are overwintering, resistant fungal structures with the intrinsic ability to survive stress conditions, such as desiccation and soil fungistasis (i.e., competition with other soil microorganisms).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Liquid culture production of microsclerotia and submerged conidia by Trichoderma harzianum active against damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani

et al. 2015

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Media and culturing protocols were identified that supported the formation of submerged conidia and microsclerotia (MS) by Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain T-22 using liquid culture fermentation. Liquid media with a higher carbon concentration (36 g L(-1)) promoted MS formation at all C:N ratios tested. Hyphae aggregated to form MS after 2 d growth and after 7 d MS were fully melanized. This is the first report of MS formation by T. harzianum or any species of Trichoderma. Furthermore, submerged conidia formation was induced by liquid culture media, but yields, desiccation tolerance, and storage stability varied with C:N ratio and carbon rate. Air-dried MS granules (<4% moisture) retained excellent shelf life under cool and unrefrigerated storage conditions with no loss in conidial production. A low-cost complex nitrogen source based on cottonseed flour effectively supported high MS yields. Amending potting mix with dried MS formulations reduced or eliminated damping-off of melon seedlings caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Together, the results provide insights into the liquid culture production, stabilization process, and bioefficacy of the hitherto unreported MS of T. harzianum as a potential biofungicide for use in integrated management programs against soilborne diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Liquid culture production of microsclerotia and submerged conidia by Trichoderma harzianum active against damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani

et al. 2015

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“…1; Jaronski and Jackson 2008). During the production of sclerotia in liquid culture, melanin biosynthesis can be controlled with nutrition or culture age (Jackson and Schisler 1995;Shearer and Jackson 2006;Jackson and Jaronski 2009). Fungal melanins have been shown to have allelopathic and antimicrobial properties, act as anti-desiccants, enhance cell rigidity, and confer fungicide resistance, all properties that would enhance the vigour of sclerotial propagules for use as a mycoinsecticide in the rhizosphere (Butler and Day 1998).…”

Section: Submerged Conidia Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological considerations in producing and formulating fungal entomopathogens for use in insect biocontrol

2009

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Insect pests persist in a wide-variety of agricultural, arboreal and urban environments. Effective control with fungal entomopathogens using inundation biocontrol requires an understanding of the ecology of the target insect, fungal pathogen, and the insect-pathogen interaction. Historically, the development of production and formulation processes for biocontrol fungi has primarily focused on reducing costs by maximizing the yield of infective propagules, increasing storage stability, and improving product form for ease of application. These goals are critical for commercialization but are often in conflict with environmental and ecological considerations. Critical parameters for selecting a fungal pathogen for use in inundation biocontrol include the cost-effective production of a stable, infective propagule that is suited for use in the environment where the insect must be controlled. Production processes can be manipulated nutritionally and environmentally to produce efficacious propagules or to direct fungal differentiation to propagule forms that may be better suited for use in specific environments. Formulation development must also consider ecological and environmental factors to maximize biocontrol efficacy. A basic understanding of the surface chemistries of the fungal propagule and insect, the interactions between a fungal propagule and the insect cuticle that lead to infection, and the impact of the environment on this interaction can aid in the development of effective formulations.

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“…Shearer and Nelson (2002) evaluated co-application of M. terrestris with the herbicide endothall to improve control of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) and also to minimize injury to non-target vegetation. At high treatment levels, both the pathogen and the herbicide have been reported to cause disease or injury to other plants (Shearer and Nelson, 2002;Shearer and Jackson, 2006). When used together, however, greater than 90% control was achieved in mesocosm studies, even with reduced rates of endothall and M. terrestris.…”

Section: Compatibility Of Bioherbicides With Other Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spores often have longer shelf-lives and are more tolerant of suboptimal storage conditions (Churchill, 1982). The recent development of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris for the control of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) has identified microsclerotia as a readily produced, desiccation-tolerant inoculum (Shearer and Jackson, 2006).…”

Section: Mycoherbicide Production Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioherbicides for weed control.

Weaver¹,

Lyn²,

Boyette³

et al. 2007

Non-Chemical Weed Management: Principles, Concepts and Technology

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This chapter focuses on the use of plant pathogens as bioherbicides (e.g. mycoherbicides) for weed control. The application technology of bioherbicides is discussed, as well as their compatibility with other weed management practices. Through a pragmatic understanding of economic constraints and safety, the intelligent use of formulation and deployment methods, and with genetic engineering, the pathogen discoveries of the past might be harnessed as the bioherbicides of the future.

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Liquid culturing of microsclerotia of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris, a potential biological control agent for the management of hydrilla

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Liquid culture production of microsclerotia and submerged conidia by Trichoderma harzianum active against damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Liquid culture production of microsclerotia and submerged conidia by Trichoderma harzianum active against damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Ecological considerations in producing and formulating fungal entomopathogens for use in insect biocontrol

Bioherbicides for weed control.

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