Ecological considerations in producing and formulating fungal entomopathogens for use in insect biocontrol

Jackson, Mark A.; Dunlap, Christopher A.; Jaronski, Stefan T.

doi:10.1007/s10526-009-9240-y

Cited by 220 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…A key factor for a biological formulation to be commercially successful is to maintain the viability and virulence of the infective units during storage and application. In general, before application, it is required for the product to keep its properties for at least a year under varied environmental conditions (Jackson et al, 2010). Exposure to high temperatures during transport and storage is a critical issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VOLCANIC MATERIALS AS CARRIERS FOR THE FORMULATION OF MYCOINSECTICIDES USING THE FUNGUS Beauveria bassiana

Schalamuk

Scorsetti

et al. 2016

Cienc. Inv. Agr.

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V.E. Sy, S. Schalamuk, A.C. Scorsetti, and I.L. Botto. 2016. Volcanic materials as carriers for the formulation of mycoinsecticides using the fungus Beauveria bassiana. Cien. Inv. Agr. 43(2):273-282. Improvements in the formulation of biological insecticides are crucial to increase their stability and competitiveness in the market. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of volcanic materials with different hydric retention capacities to increase the thermotolerance of B. bassiana conidia. Two pyroclastic rocks and a zeolite clinoptilolite were selected for this study. In addition, a commercial silica gel was used due to its reported capacity to increase conidial thermotolerance. Dry conidia were mixed with the materials to obtain a 2% w/w granular formulation, while conidial powder alone served as the control. Mixtures were stored at room temperature for 30 days and then exposed to 50 ºC for two hours, and the viability was measured before and after the thermal exposure. No significant decrease in viability was observed for conidia stored with any of the pyroclastic materials, while the germination was reduced by 10, 17 and 23% for unformulated conidia, conidia stored with silica gel and conidia stored with zeolite, respectively. From these results, a pyroclastic rock was selected to test its capacity to maintain high viability under different temperatures (4, 25 and 35 ºC) and humidities (~0 and 20%). A decrease in viability was observed with an increase of temperature, and lower viability was also recorded in humid treatments, but only at 25 and 35 ºC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VOLCANIC MATERIALS AS CARRIERS FOR THE FORMULATION OF MYCOINSECTICIDES USING THE FUNGUS Beauveria bassiana

Schalamuk

Scorsetti

et al. 2016

Cienc. Inv. Agr.

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“…Oil based formulations have shown better tolerance to temperature and desiccation, enhanced speed of germination of conidia, improved environmental stability and overall performance as fungal biopesticides (Jackson et al, 2010). In the present study, usage of P. pinnata seed oil would have provided these advantages in addition to its insecticidal activity.…”

Section: Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 80%

Biocontrol Potential of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) against Ailanthus Defoliator, Eligma narcissus (Cram.)

Bai¹,

Sasidharan²,

Remadevi³

et al. 2015

JTFE

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Eligma narcissus is recognised as a serious pest of Ailanthus in Southern India and defoliation of Ailanthus by this pest causes apparent loss of growth increment. The common control methods for this pest is mostly insecticides and the concern about the environmental effects of chemical insecticides, has emphasised the use of environmentally more benign microbial agents. Among entomopathogens, Fungi are the most explored and often act as important natural control agents that limit insect populations. On this point of view, Bio efficacy of 25 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae was assessed to establish their virulence against E. narcissus in the laboratory and effective formulations of two potent isolates were subsequently evaluated in the field. MIS7 and MIS13 were more effective among the different isolates evaluated against E. narcissus. The median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of all the isolates ranged from 6.46×10 5 conidia/ml to 628.92×10 5 conidia/ml. Median lethal concentration of (LT 50 ) of 4.9 and 5.4 days were recorded for MIS7 and MIS13 respectively at a concentration of 1× 10 7 conidia/ml. Virulence tests of the isolates MIS7 and MIS13 and 0.5% Pongamia pinnata seed oil, individually and in different combinations, indicated improved efficacy of the isolates when used in combination and also when combined with seed oil. Formulations composed of "MIS7+MIS13+0.5% Pongamia pinnata seed oil" and "MIS7+MIS13" proved to be superior against E. narcissus, causing 76.30% and 93.93% mortality, respectively. Field evaluation of the formulation MIS7+MIS13+0.5% Pongamia pinnata seed oil recorded 5.79 larvae per plant resulting in 60.53% reduction of infestation while the formulation, MIS7+MIS13 showed 53.76% reduction of infestation with 6.56 larvae per plant. The observations from this study suggest the prospects of using the entomopathogenic fungus, M. anisopliae for the control of E. narcissus.

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“…Quite often observed is the phenomenon of lower efficiency of biological control agents applied in the field compared with laboratory tests. Among many factors such features of entomopathogenic fungi as high virulence against target insect, harmless for beneficial organisms (non-target species), warm-blooded animals and humans, high resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental conditions are critical in achieving satisfactory results in field trials (van Lenteren et al, 2003;Jackson et al, 2010 Table 2. Examples of biocontrol of forest pests by using entomopathogenic fungi must always be considered as a side effect during field applications of entomopathogenic fungi.…”

Section: Field Application Of Entomopathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic Fungi as an Important Natural Regulator of Insect Outbreaks in Forests (Review)

Augustyniuk-Kram¹,

Kram²

2012

Forest Ecosystems - More Than Just Trees

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The common idea for many people is that forests are just a collection of trees. However, they are much more than that. They are a complex, functional system of interacting and often interdependent biological, physical, and chemical components, the biological part of which has evolved to perpetuate itself. This complexity produces combinations of climate, soils, trees and plant species unique to each site, resulting in hundreds of different forest types around the world. Logically, trees are an important component for the research in forest ecosystems, but the wide variety of other life forms and abiotic components in most forests means that other elements, such as wildlife or soil nutrients, should also be the focal point in ecological studies and management plans to be carried out in forest ecosystems. In this book, the readers can find the latest research related to forest ecosystems but with a different twist. The research described here is not just on trees and is focused on the other components, structures and functions that are usually overshadowed by the focus on trees, but are equally important to maintain the diversity, function and services provided by forests. The first section of this book explores the structure and biodiversity of forest ecosystems, whereas the second section reviews the research done on ecosystem structure and functioning. The third and last section explores the issues related to forest management as an ecosystem-level activity, all of them from the perspective of the �other� parts of a forest.

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Ecological considerations in producing and formulating fungal entomopathogens for use in insect biocontrol

Cited by 220 publications

References 125 publications

VOLCANIC MATERIALS AS CARRIERS FOR THE FORMULATION OF MYCOINSECTICIDES USING THE FUNGUS Beauveria bassiana

VOLCANIC MATERIALS AS CARRIERS FOR THE FORMULATION OF MYCOINSECTICIDES USING THE FUNGUS Beauveria bassiana

Biocontrol Potential of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) against Ailanthus Defoliator, Eligma narcissus (Cram.)

Entomopathogenic Fungi as an Important Natural Regulator of Insect Outbreaks in Forests (Review)

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