Liquid crystal display and organic light-emitting diode display: present status and future perspectives

Abstract

Recently, ‘Liquid crystal display (LCD) vs. organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display: who wins?’ has become a topic of heated debate. In this review, we perform a systematic and comparative study of these two flat panel display technologies. First, we review recent advances in LCDs and OLEDs, including material development, device configuration and system integration. Next we analyze and compare their performances by six key display metrics: response time, contrast ratio, color gamut, lifetime, power efficiency, and panel flexibility. In this section, we focus on two key parameters: motion picture response time (MPRT) and ambient contrast ratio (ACR), which dramatically affect image quality in practical application scenarios. MPRT determines the image blur of a moving picture, and ACR governs the perceived image contrast under ambient lighting conditions. It is intriguing that LCD can achieve comparable or even slightly better MPRT and ACR than OLED, although its response time and contrast ratio are generally perceived to be much inferior to those of OLED. Finally, three future trends are highlighted, including high dynamic range, virtual reality/augmented reality and smart displays with versatile functions.

Rates of Ring Opening of Radical Cation Intermediates Govern Differences in Thermoluminescence between 1‐ and 2‐Naphthyl‐Substituted Methylenecyclopropanes

“…TL in this case arises by decay of excited states in the form of fluorescence (FL) or phosphorescence (PH). A significant feature of this phenomenon is that it can readily provide insights into reactivities of radical ions, that play an important role not only in TL but also in photoredox reactions and organic electronic devices …”

“…A significant feature of this phenomenon is that it can readily provide insights into reactivities of radical ions, [3,4] that play an important role not only in TL but also in photoredox reactions [5,6] and organic electronic devices. [7][8][9] Previously, we reported that γ- [10,11] or X-ray [12] irradiation of methylcyclohexane (MCH) matrices (77 K) containing 2-aryl-1methylene-2-phenylcyclopropanes 1 (Scheme 1) followed by annealing leads to TL at around 130 K. For example, the 2,2diphenyl derivative 1 a displays vivid green TL. Emission in this case was assigned to triplet-triplet fluorescence (TÀ T FL) arising from the excited triplet state of the ring opened trimethylenemethane (TMM) biradical 3 2 a ** *.…”

41‐3: Mini‐LED Enhanced LCD for High Dynamic Range Displays

“…To achieve HDR and good sunlight readability, high contrast ratio (CR>10 5 :1), high peak luminance (at least 1000 cd/m 2 ) and excellent dark state (0.01 cd/m 2 ) of the display system are required. However, both of the two leading display technologies, liquid crystal display (LCD) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) need substantial improvements to fulfill these requirements [3]. First of all, OLED is relatively easy to display true black state, but to achieve a luminance >1000 cd/m 2 requires a relatively high current, which would compromise the lifetime.…”

Image flickering reduction by dimer and polymer stabilization in FFS liquid crystal display

“…LCD and OLED are the 2 main competing technologies with their own merits in flat panel display. Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are widely used in applications from small‐sized cell phones, medium‐sized computer monitors, to large‐sized televisions.…”