Presently, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays are two dominant flat panel display technologies. Recently, inorganic mini-LEDs (mLEDs) and micro-LEDs (μLEDs) have emerged by significantly enhancing the dynamic range of LCDs or as sunlight readable emissive displays. "mLED, OLED, or μLED: who wins?" is a heated debatable question. In this review, we conduct a comprehensive analysis on the material properties, device structures, and performance of mLED/μLED/OLED emissive displays and mLED backlit LCDs. We evaluate the power consumption and ambient contrast ratio of each display in depth and systematically compare the motion picture response time, dynamic range, and adaptability to flexible/transparent displays. The pros and cons of mLED, OLED, and μLED displays are analysed, and their future perspectives are discussed.
We analyze the performance of high dynamic range liquid crystal displays (LCDs) using a two-dimensional local dimming mini-LED backlight. The halo effect of such a HDR display system is investigated by both numerical simulation and human visual perception experiment. The halo effect is mainly governed by two factors: intrinsic LCD contrast ratio (CR) and dimming zone number. Based on our results, to suppress the halo effect to indistinguishable level, a LCD with CR≈5000:1 requires about 200 local dimming zones, while for a LCD with CR≈2000:1 the required dimming zone number is over 3000. Our model provides useful guidelines to optimize the mini-LED backlit LCDs for achieving dynamic contrast ratio comparable to organic LED displays.
We review the emerging mini/micro-light-emitting diode (LED) displays featuring high dynamic range and good sunlight readability. For mini-LED backlit liquid crystal displays (LCDs), we quantitatively evaluate how the device contrast ratio, local dimming zone number, and local light profile affect the image quality. For the emissive mini/micro-LED displays, the challenges of ambient contrast ratio and size-dependent power efficiency are analyzed. Two figure-of-merits are proposed for optimizing the optical and electrical performances of mini/micro-LED displays.KEYWORDS ambient contrast ratio, halo effect, high-dynamic range, internal quantum efficiency, local dimming, mini/micro-LED, size effect, sunlight readability
An optimized blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) with a moderate dielectric constant, manageable capacitor charging time, high voltage holding ratio, and submillisecond gray-to-gray response time at room temperature is developed. Using protruded triangular IPS electrodes, the operation voltage can be reduced to 15V while keeping ~74% transmittance. Such a BPLC enables single-TFT addressing and 240-Hz operation. Potential application for color-sequential displays is emphasized. Our new approaches have solved the most critical charging time issue and would accelerate the emergence of the long-awaited blue-phase LCDs. The primetime for BPLCD is around the corner.
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