Lipoteichoic acid fromLactobacillus rhamnosus GGas an oral photoprotective agent against UV-induced carcinogenesis

Abstract

Probiotics are live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Cell surface molecules of these micro-organisms are being studied in relation to their ability to interact with the host. The cell wall of lactobacilli possesses lipoteichoic acids (LTA) which are molecules with immunomodulatory properties. UV radiation (UVR) has been proposed as the main cause of skin cancer because of its mutagenic and immunosuppressive effects. Photoprotection with some nutrition interventions including probiotics has recently been shown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the oral administration of purified LTA from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can modulate the immune-suppressive effect of UVR and skin tumour development in female Crl:SKH-1-hrBR mice. For this purpose, two irradiation models were studied: (1) a chronic irradiation scheme consisting of daily irradiations during twenty consecutive days and (2) a long-term irradiation schedule, irradiating the animals three times per week, during 34 weeks for tumour development. The results showed that T-cells in the inguinal lymph node of LTA-treated mice produced higher levels of (1) interferon-g and (2) a number of total, helper and cytotoxic T-cells compared with non-treated mice. Moreover, a significant delay in tumour appearance was found in LTA-treated mice. An increased IgA þ cell number was found in the small intestine together with a higher number of activated dendritic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The latter results might be indicative of a direct effect of LTA in the gut, affecting the cutaneous immune system and restoring homeostasis through the gut -skin axis.

Lipoteichoic acid isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum down-regulates UV-induced MMP-1 expression and up-regulates type I procollagen through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation

“…For examples, The oral administration of purified LTA from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can modulate the immune-suppressive effect of UV and skin tumor development in female Crl:SKH-1-hrBR mice (Weill et al, 2013). Commensal bacteria lipoteichoic acid increases skin mast cell antimicrobial activity against vaccinia viruses (Wang et al, 2012).…”

“…LTA is known to increase the activity of MMP-9, play an active role in otitis media, inhibit melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, protect UV-induced carcinogenesis and increases skin mast cell antimicrobial activity against vaccinia viruses (Park et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2012;Weill et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2015). In addition, tolerance using LTA has been used to introduce to protect against pro-inflammation and other diseases (Kim et al, 2008b;Ellingsen et al, 2002).…”

Message in a Bottle: Dialog between Intestine and Skin Modulated by Probiotics

“…They suggest that this effect could be occurring in a non-antigen-specific fashion [7]. Similarly, in our laboratory, we have proven that LTA from L. rhamnosus GG administered to chronically UV-irradiated animals increases CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, as well as it increases IFN-γ secretion in SLN [54]. …”

“…This is the first report of a mixed treatment of oral probiotics and regular chemotherapy, in an effort to improve the efficacy of the latter [7]. Furthermore, in our laboratory, we have demonstrated that oral administration of purified lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from L. rhamnosus GG retards and reduces UV-induced skin squamous cell carcinomas, in a mouse model of chronic UV irradiation [54]. …”

Daily very low UV dose exposure enhances adaptive immunity, compared with a single high‐dose exposure. Consequences for the control of a skin infection

“…Almost a century ago, Findlay described the ability of UV light to induce skin cancer in albino mice chronically exposed to a quartz mercury‐vapour lamp . Plenty of experimental conditions were analysed since then in animal models; we would like to highlight the following concepts: (i) chronic exposure to UV light leads to non‐melanoma skin cancer development; this observation is valid when animals were exposed to UVr doses above the minimal erythemal dose (MED, a dose that promotes visible damage by itself) but also for sub‐erythemal doses (around half the MED) . (ii) Acute exposure to UVr promotes a deficient adaptive immune response; this well‐known immunosuppressive effect has been demonstrated by exposing animals to a single UV exposure (above MED) as well as to several exposures to low UV doses (around half the MED and applied on a few consecutive days).…”