Liposomes as an ocular delivery system of fluconazole: <i>in‐vitro</i> studies

Habib, Fawzia; Fouad, Ehub A.; Abdel-Rhaman, Mohamed S.; Fathalla, Dina

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01584.x

Cited by 77 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Regardless of the drug choice, successful therapy requires prolonged frequent drug administration and therefore adherence of patients to treatment is also an important factor affecting the outcome of treatment. In addition, liposomal preparation of anti-fungal drugs are also under trail and has demonstrated some efficacy in rabbit models [1,57]. Furthermore [156] compared the efficacy of topical clotrimazole-β-cyclodextrin (CBC), a comparatively new anti-fungal compared to amphotericin B and concluded that CBC reduces the period of treatment on average by a duration of 1 week.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of microbial keratitis

Lakhundi

Siddiqui

Khan

2017

Microbial Pathogenesis

157

121

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Microbial keratitis is a sight-threatening ocular infection caused by bacteria, fungi, and protist pathogens. Epithelial defects and injuries are key predisposing factors making the eye susceptible to corneal pathogens. Among bacterial pathogens, the most common agents responsible for keratitis include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia and Serratia species. Fungal agents of corneal infections include both filamentous as well as yeast, including Fusarium, Aspergillus, Phaeohyphomycetes, Curvularia, Paecilomyces, Scedosporium and Candida species, while in protists, Acanthamoeba spp. are responsible for causing ocular disease. Clinical features include redness, pain, tearing, blur vision and inflammation but symptoms vary depending on the causative agent. The underlying molecular mechanisms associated with microbial pathogenesis include virulence factors as well as the host factors that aid in the progression of keratitis, resulting in damage to the ocular tissue. The treatment therefore should focus not only on the elimination of the culprit but also on the neutralization of virulence factors to minimize the damage, in addition to repairing the damaged tissue. A complete understanding of the pathogenesis of microbial keratitis will lead to the rational development of therapeutic interventions. This is a timely review of our current understanding of the advances made in this field in a comprehensible manner. Coupled with the recently available genome sequence information and high throughput genomics technology, and the availability of innovative approaches, this will stimulate interest in this field.

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of microbial keratitis

Lakhundi

Siddiqui

Khan

2017

Microbial Pathogenesis

157

121

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“…The changes in the percentage of BD content during the six months were statistically insignificant (p>0.05) indicating good chemical stability. Many studies reported good chemical stability at refrigerated condition (4 °C) and at room temperature (25 °C) [19,25,26,29,51,52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betamethasone Dipropionate Gel for Treatment of Localized Plaque Psoriasis

Gizaway

Fadel

Mourad

et al. 2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: The main aim of this study was to design and characterise betamethasone di-propionate loaded transfersomes (BD-T); as a topical formulation for the treatment of localized plaque psoriasis. 3 ) was applied to study the effects of three independent variables: drug content, type of surfactants and surfactant contents on particle size (PS), entrapment efficiency (EE %), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PI) and drug release profiles. The optimized BD-T was formulated as a hydrogel using 5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The gel was characterized for viscosity, drug content, in vitro drug release and stability. A comparative clinical study was performed on 20 patients with psoriasis to investigate the effect of BD-T gel and the marketed betamethasone dipropionate (BD) cream. Methods Results:The optimized BD-T formulation containing 50 mg betamethasone dipropionate (BD) and 5 mg tween 80 showed spherical unilamellar vesicles with an average particle size of 242.80, % EE of 90.19%, ZP of-15.00 mV, PI of 0.407 and K0 Keywords: Transfersomes, Betamethasone dipropionate (BD), Localized psoriasis of 4.290 mg/hr. The formulation showed good stability at 4 °C and 25 °C for 6 mo. The results revealed significant clinical improvement and a significant increase in safety and tolerability with BD-T gel compared with BD cream. Conclusion:As a conclusion, BD-T was found to be more effective, safe and tolerable for the treatment of psoriasis compared with the marketed product.

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“…A novel liposomal preparation of fluconazole for topical application demonstrated efficacy in rabbit models [47] and a recent study of 11 patients with proven Candida keratitis [48]. Some level of improvement was noted, but with the small study size and lack of control or comparison arms it is difficult to gauge its place in the therapeutic armamentarium.…”

Section: New Topical Anti-fungal Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Keratitis: Update for 2014

Stone

Tan

2014

Curr Ophthalmol Rep

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Fungal keratitis is a challenging problem worldwide, and many obstacles remain to the effective prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of this vision-threatening condition. Recent research has highlighted progress in each of these facets of the clinical approach to keratomycosis. Increased awareness of contact lens-associated fungal keratitis has prompted regulators to pay greater attention to testing of contact lens solutions under realworld conditions. Related research has also delved into the mechanisms of fungal biofilm formation and related therapeutic targets. Advances in polymerase chain reaction methodologies promise to increase the rapidity and accuracy of diagnosis, thereby decreasing the delay in instituting appropriate therapy. Antifungal pharmacologic agents remain the first line of therapy, with the newer azole antifungal voriconazole being utilized in innovative ways, such as via intrastromal injection. Large prospective studies such as the Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial have helped delineate optimal treatment algorithms, and variations in surgical techniques and postoperative regimens continue to be refined. Natamycin may still be more effective than other recently utilized antifungals for the treatment of Fusarium infections, but treatment failure is still a concern. Post-keratoplasty immunosuppression may benefit from the use of topical calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, given their intrinsic antifungal properties. It can be argued that the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of fungal keratitis lag behind the state of the art for bacterial keratitis, but dramatic improvements are undoubtedly on the horizon.

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Liposomes as an ocular delivery system of fluconazole: in‐vitro studies

Cited by 77 publications

References 20 publications

Pathogenesis of microbial keratitis

Pathogenesis of microbial keratitis

Betamethasone Dipropionate Gel for Treatment of Localized Plaque Psoriasis

Fungal Keratitis: Update for 2014

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