Fungal Keratitis: Update for 2014

Stone, Donald U.; Tan, Jeremy F.

doi:10.1007/s40135-014-0047-3

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…However, eyes have physical, chemical and enzymatic barriers to prevent the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. Fungi that caused keratitis exhibit virulence factors that allow them to colonise this organ 38 . Additionally, predisposing factors (eg corneal lesions, defects in the corneal epithelium or misuse of contact lenses) allow for the colonisation of pathogens 32,39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purpureocillium roseum sp. nov. A new ocular pathogen for humans and mice resistant to antifungals

Calvillo‐Medina

Ponce-Angulo

Raymundo

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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BackgroundInfectious keratitis is the main cause of preventable blindness worldwide, with about 1.5–2.0 million new cases occurring per year. This inflammatory response may be due to infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites. Fungal keratitis is a poorly studied health problem.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify a new fungal species by molecular methods and to explore the possible efficacy of the three most common antifungals used in human keratitis in Mexico by performing in vitro analysis. The capacity of this pathogen to cause corneal infection in a murine model was also evaluated.MethodsThe fungal strain was isolated from a patient with a corneal ulcer. To identify the fungus, taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses (nrDNA ITS and LSU data set) were performed. An antifungal susceptibility assay for amphotericin B, itraconazole and voriconazole was carried out. The fungal isolate was used to develop a keratitis model in BALB/c mice; entire eyes and ocular tissues were preserved and processed for histopathologic examination.Results and conclusionThis fungal genus has hitherto not been reported with human keratitis in Mexico. We described a new species Purpurecillium roseum isolated from corneal infection. P roseum showed resistance to amphotericin B and itraconazole and was sensitive to voriconazole. In vivo study demonstrated that P roseum had capacity to developed corneal infection and to penetrate deeper corneal tissue. The global change in fungal infections has emphasised the need to develop better diagnostic mycology laboratories and to recognise the group of potential fungal pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purpureocillium roseum sp. nov. A new ocular pathogen for humans and mice resistant to antifungals

Calvillo‐Medina

Ponce-Angulo

Raymundo

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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“…Accurate and early diagnosis of FK remains a challenge. 17 Given the fact that good clinical outcome of FK largely relies on timely and appropriate antifungal intervention upon early diagnosis, there is a need for novel diagnostic tools that are non-invasive, highly sensitive and specific for ocular fungal infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel, tomographic imaging probe for rapid diagnosis of fungal keratitis

et al. 2017

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Fungal keratitis is a leading cause of ocular morbidity and blindness in developing countries. Diagnosing fungal keratitis currently relies on a comparative evaluation of corneal biopsy or scraping using a direct microscopy and culture results. These methods not only carry the risk of developing complications due to the invasive tissue sampling but also are largely limited by diagnostic speed and accuracy, making it difficult to initiate timely appropriate antifungal therapy. Therefore, rapid and noninvasive diagnostic tools are a pressing need for improved outcomes for fungal keratitis. Taking advantage of the highly specific fungal cell targeting properties of caspofungin, we have developed a fluorescent chemical probe with high selectivity against fungal pathogens. Utilizing fluorescence imaging technology, we have demonstrated a highly specific and sensitive detection of Aspergillus in a fungal keratitis model in mice as early as 5 min post-topical application of the probe. Our results indicate that a fluorescence-mediated platform can be used as a rapid (<10 min) alternative to conventional methods for detecting Aspergillus, and potentially other fungi, in fungal infections of the cornea.

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“…[12][13][14] The number of drug formulations is restricted; thus, therapeutic options are limited to a few and often expensive drug preparations. 15,16 A Cochrane systematic review demonstrated that there is no evidence about the efficacy of the current available topical preparations, most probably owing to the small sample size of existing studies. 17 Furthermore, the use of antimicrobial agents increases the appearance of reduced susceptibility, which in the worst cases can evolve in open resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimycotic Activity of Ozonized Oil in Liposome Eye Drops against Candida spp.

Celenza

Iorio

Cracchiolo

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of ozonized oil eye drops in liposomes (Ozodrop), commercialized as eye lubricant for the treatment of dry eye syndrome and eye inflammation. The activity was tested against four clinical Candida species: C albicans, C glabrata, C krusei , and C orthopsilosis . Methods The antifungal activity of the eye drop solution was ascertained by microdilution method in accordance with EUCAST obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration for Ozodrop. The mechanism of action was further investigated in C albicans by measuring cell vitality, intracellular reactive oxygen species production, levels of cellular and mitochondrial (∆Ψ m ) membrane potential, and the extent of membrane lipid peroxidation. Results All Candida isolates were susceptible to Ozodrop with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.195% (v/v) for C glabrata to 6.25% (v/v) for C orthopsilosis . After 1 hour of exposure at the minimum inhibitory concentration value about 30% of cells were killed, reaching about 70% at the highest Ozodrop value. After Ozodrop exposure, C albicans showed cell membrane depolarization, increased levels of lipid peroxidation, depolarized ∆Ψ m , and increased reactive oxygen species generation. Conclusions The significant increases in reactive oxygen species production cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species-associated damages leading to progressive Candida cell dysfunction. Translational Relevance The antifungal activity of Ozodrop was demonstrated at concentrations several times lower than the concentration that can be retrieved in ocular surface after its application. The antifungal activity of the eye drops Ozodrop would represent an interesting off-label indication for a product basically conceived as an eye lubricant.

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Fungal Keratitis: Update for 2014

Cited by 8 publications

References 68 publications

Purpureocillium roseum sp. nov. A new ocular pathogen for humans and mice resistant to antifungals

Purpureocillium roseum sp. nov. A new ocular pathogen for humans and mice resistant to antifungals

A novel, tomographic imaging probe for rapid diagnosis of fungal keratitis

Antimycotic Activity of Ozonized Oil in Liposome Eye Drops against Candida spp.

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