Lipid peroxidation in cell death

Abstract

Disruption of redox homeostasis is a key phenotype of many pathological conditions. Though multiple oxidizing compounds such as hydrogen peroxide are widely recognized as mediators and inducers of oxidative stress, increasingly, attention is focused on the role of lipid hydroperoxides as critical mediators of death and disease. As the main component of cellular membranes, lipids have an indispensible role in maintaining the structural integrity of cells. Excessive oxidation of lipids alters the physical properties of cellular membranes and can cause covalent modification of proteins and nucleic acids. This review discusses the synthesis, toxicity, degradation, and detection of lipid peroxides in biological systems. Additionally, the role of lipid peroxidation is highlighted in disease and death, and strategies to control the accumulation of lipid peroxides are discussed.

A Central Role for Triacylglycerol in Membrane Lipid Breakdown, Fatty Acid β-Oxidation, and Plant Survival under Extended Darkness

“…We found that during prolonged darkness, increases in TBARS levels were accompanied by decreases in levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly 18:3, supporting the notion that oxidative stress is enhanced under extended darkness. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the generation of ROS and the cellular capacity to detoxify their harmful effects (Mullineaux and Baker, 2010;Noctor et al, 2014;Gaschler and Stockwell, 2017). Since H 2 O 2 is a by-product of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation (Graham, 2008;Theodoulou and Eastmond, 2012), the increased H 2 O 2 is likely due to a combined effect of the increased rate of fatty acid turnover (Fig.…”

“…Interestingly, recent studies in mammals showed that TAG accumulation in lipid droplets protects cell oxidative stress by limiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibiting lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Kuramoto et al, 2012;Bailey et al, 2015). Oxidative stress has been closely linked to stress tolerance, aging, and cell death in organisms ranging from yeast to plants to humans (Van Breusegem and Dat, 2006;Mullineaux and Baker, 2010;Gaschler and Stockwell, 2017). In plants, many abiotic stress treatments including prolonged darkness are known to induce ROS overproduction (Rosenwasser et al, 2011;Noctor et al, 2014) and TAG accumulation (Kunz et al, 2009;Moellering et al, 2010;Gasulla et al, 2013), but the physiological role of TAG in oxidative stress has to date not been studied in plants.…”

Protective effect of juice extract of mesocarp rind of Citrullus lanatus in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats

“…Glutathione-s-transferase was assessed following the reported method [30]. The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined based on the described methods [31,32].…”

Modificações em proteínas induzidas por compostos eletrofílicos. possível papel em esclerose lateral amiotrófica

“…O processo de transferência de elétrons pelos complexos da cadeia respiratória durante a fosforilação oxidativa nas mitocôndrias pode produzir uma redução parcial do seu aceptor final dos elétrons: o oxigênio, gerando várias espécies reativas endógenas (Valko, et al, 2007;Gueraud et al, 2010) et al,2014;Halliwell & Gutterindge, 2007;Gueraud et al, 2010). (Gaschler & Stockwell, 2017). …”

“…Os hidroperóxidos lipídicos (figura 2) se decompõem em endoperóxidos e radicais alcoxila (LO • ) e em vários compostos não radicalares, o que os tornam mais estáveis e difusíveis no meio celular. A cisão beta e a clivagem de Hock (figura 2) são responsáveis pela produção dos aldeídos reativos, cetonas, álcoois e etc (Schaur, 2003;Gaschler & Stockwell, 2017).…”