“…There have been several reports on the electrochemistry of neutral red in aqueous solution [22][23][24], mainly focused on the electrochemical reduction of NRH + , but the electrochemistry of NR and NRH + in an organic solvent has not been previously reported, even though neutral red was first synthesized in 1878 [25]. Fig.…”
Section: Electrochemistry Of Nr and Nrh +mentioning
“…There have been several reports on the electrochemistry of neutral red in aqueous solution [22][23][24], mainly focused on the electrochemical reduction of NRH + , but the electrochemistry of NR and NRH + in an organic solvent has not been previously reported, even though neutral red was first synthesized in 1878 [25]. Fig.…”
Section: Electrochemistry Of Nr and Nrh +mentioning
“…In addition, the electropolymerized materials usually possess some unique properties which the corresponding monomers do not have. The preparation of semiconducting films by electropolymerization from a monomer which is itself a redox mediator [4,5] generates high catalytic currents in the electroenzymatic reaction.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Graphite electrodes modified by electropolymerization of phenazine methosulfate and phenazine ethosulfate have been used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH [5]. Platinum electrodes modified with a layer of poly(azur A) (poly(AA)) were able to give a quasireversible electrochemical response to hemoglobin [6].…”
Amperometric biosensors based on the corresponding oxidase enzyme with poly(neutral red) redox mediator have been developed for the determination of glucose and pyruvate. The enzymes have been immobilized on top of poly(neutral red) modified carbon film electrodes with glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The biosensors were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The glucose biosensor exhibited a linear response in the range 90 mM to 1.8 mM with a detection limit of 22 mM and the pyruvate biosensor in the range 90 to 600 mM with a detection limit of 34 mM. The relative standard deviations were found to be 2.1% (n ¼ 3) and 2.8% (n ¼ 4) respectively. The interference effects of various compounds were also studied. The glucose content of several types of wine and the amount of pyruvate in onion and garlic were determined and the results were compared with those obtained by standard spectrophotometric methods.
“…22 Nikolskii et al, first reported the electrochemical polymerisation of NR. 23 Since then, several works were reported for the electrochemical polymerisation of NR and its application in electrochemical sensor. Various studies done on NR polymer film shows that the film exhibits both electronic and ionic conductivity properties, making it a suitable polymer film to be used as a sensor.…”
Cadaverine and putrescine are well known biogenic amines for food spoilage, their presence along with histamine increases the food toxicity to manifold and rapid detection of these analytes remains challenging. To address these problems, poly(neutral red) (PNR) based electrochemical sensor for sensing of cadaverine and putrescine has been developed. Neutral red (NR) polymerised over glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been utilized for sensing of biogenic amines. Positively charged groups on PNR/GCE surface forms ion-pair complex with putrescine or cadaverine via diphosphate ion bridging which facilitates the sensing ability and the formation of ion-pair, as evidenced by DFT calculations. PNR/GCE exhibited detection ability in the range of 0.025 to 414 μM with a limit of detection of 0.22 μM and 0.25 μM for cadaverine and putrescine, respectively. The developed non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for cadaverine and putrescine exhibited good anti-interference ability towards common ions and amino acids were studied. Demonstrated non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor method is simple and convenient for tracing biogenic amines in real samples like spoilage in fish specimen.
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