Ion-Pair Facilitated Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing of Cadaverine and Putrescine

Abstract

Cadaverine and putrescine are well known biogenic amines for food spoilage, their presence along with histamine increases the food toxicity to manifold and rapid detection of these analytes remains challenging. To address these problems, poly(neutral red) (PNR) based electrochemical sensor for sensing of cadaverine and putrescine has been developed. Neutral red (NR) polymerised over glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been utilized for sensing of biogenic amines. Positively charged groups on PNR/GCE surface forms ion-pair complex with putrescine or cadaverine via diphosphate ion bridging which facilitates the sensing ability and the formation of ion-pair, as evidenced by DFT calculations. PNR/GCE exhibited detection ability in the range of 0.025 to 414 μM with a limit of detection of 0.22 μM and 0.25 μM for cadaverine and putrescine, respectively. The developed non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for cadaverine and putrescine exhibited good anti-interference ability towards common ions and amino acids were studied. Demonstrated non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor method is simple and convenient for tracing biogenic amines in real samples like spoilage in fish specimen.

Toxicity Assessment of the Biogenic Amines Cadaverine and Putrescine in Aquatic Organisms

“…According to Pelka et al (2017), the lipophilic characteristics, the electrical charge, and the structural conformation of a molecule, can all play an important role in the absorption of chemicals through the chorion of the zebra sh embryo. Furthermore, they may interact with negatively charged chemical species of DNA, RNA, and proteins (Kumar et al 2021). This effect was reported by Del Rio et al ( 2019) for HT29 intestinal cell cultures exposed to these BAs.…”

Ultrasensitive SERS Analysis of Liquid and Gaseous Putrescine and Cadaverine by a 3D-Rosettelike Nanostructure-Decorated Flexible Porous Substrate

“…Pork samples used for real sample analysis were purchased from the local market. For the detection of the liquid sample, the pork extraction was collected using the previous method . Five grams of fresh pork was filleted and homogenized.…”

“…For the detection of the liquid sample, the pork extraction was collected using the previous method. 6 Five grams of fresh pork was filleted and homogenized. The homogenate was mixed with 50 mL of Then, 10 −2 M amine standard solution was spiked to the supernatant to prepare different concentrations of samples.…”

“…Traditional methods for the analysis of biogenic amines such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) have several downsides related to large-sized commercial expensive equipment, tedious pretreatment, and requiring highly qualified personnel . Recently, various methods based on spectrophotometry and electrochemistry have been developed for the detection of biogenic amines, which greatly simplified the analysis process and shortened the analysis time to several hours or minutes. ,− Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a robust technique with excellent sensitivity, noninvasive detection capability, and a unique fingerprint effect. , Over the past years, SERS has also proved to be a highly efficient approach for food safety, especially for quality analysis of biogenic amine in food products . For instance, Zhou et al suggested a high-sensitivity sandwich nanosensor that combined Fe 3 O 4 and Au@ATP@Ag nanorods for histamine detection based on SERS .…”