Limitations of testing standards for battery electric vehicles: accessories, energy usage, and range

Oakley, Jonathan D.; McHenry, Mark P.; Bräunl, Thomas

doi:10.1049/iet-est.2015.0031

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…EV systems demand a compact drive train architecture with an elevated energy storage system such as a lithium-ion battery pack for long-run charge-discharge cycles [2,3]. A lithium-ion battery provides high voltage and power at a high specific energy and power with a low self-discharge rate to EV motors [4][5][6]. However, these batteries are affected by imbalanced voltage properties due to changes in their chemical properties, which in turn induce overcharged and undercharged conditions in the battery cells [5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal algorithms for the charge equalisation controller of series connected lithium‐ion battery cells in electric vehicle applications

Hoque

Hannan

Mohamed

2017

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation

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A charge equalisation controller (CEC) was developed for continuously monitoring individual battery cells and equalising the charge or voltage levels of all cells in a series pack. A charge equalisation control algorithm was developed to equalise undercharged, overcharged, and unprotected cells through the use of a bidirectional fly-back converter. The equalisation involves charging and discharging by employing constant current-constant voltage and discontinuous current mode proportional-integral (PI) control techniques. Particle swarm optimisation is applied to optimising the PI controller parameters that generate the regulated pulse width modulation switching signal for the converter. A CEC model was applied to 90 lithiumion battery cells (nominally 15.5 Ah and 3.7 V each) connected in series. The results showed that the developed CEC model performed well at equalising both undercharged and overcharged cells with ∼92% efficiency and equalised every cell within the safe operation range of 3.73-3.87 V. The developed system realises excellent equalisation speed, a simple design and efficiency with low power loss. Thus, the CEC model has great potential for implementation in real-world electric vehicle energy storage systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal algorithms for the charge equalisation controller of series connected lithium‐ion battery cells in electric vehicle applications

Hoque

Hannan

Mohamed

2017

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation

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“…The simplest form of BMS is cell shunt regulators (dissipation type), for example as implemented in a custom converted Lotus Elise 'REV Racer' and Hyundai Getz 'REV Eco' by the University of Western Australia (UWA) (Oakley et al, 2016). A simple electronic circuit monitors the cell voltage and as soon as a preset voltage level is detected, the shunt becomes an active load and dissipates excessive energy into heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery cell balance of electric vehicles under fast-DC charging

Whale

Wäger

Bräunl

2016

IJEHV

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Electric vehicle (EV) range, recharge opportunities and time to recharge are major barriers to mainstream acceptance. Fast-DC charging has the potential to overcome these barriers. This research investigates the impact of fast-DC charging on battery cell balance, charge capacity and range for an EV travelling long distances on an 'electric-highway'. Two commercially available EVs were exposed to a series of discharge and fast-DC charge cycles to measure cell balance and charge capacity. The vehicles' battery management systems (BMS) were capable of successfully balancing individual cells and hence maintaining the batteries' charge capacity. Although fast-DC charge levels and discharge safety margins significantly reduced the vehicles' charge capacity and range as stated by the manufacturer, these values remained stable for the test period. In regards to cell balance and charge capacity, our research suggests that fast-DC charging technology is a feasible option for EVs to travel large distances in a day.

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Driving behaviour and trip condition effects on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle under real-world driving

2021

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Limitations of testing standards for battery electric vehicles: accessories, energy usage, and range

Abstract: Oakley, J., McHenry, M.P. and Bräunl, T. (2016) Limitations of testing standards for battery electric vehicles: accessories, energy usage, and range.IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, 6 (3

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Optimal algorithms for the charge equalisation controller of series connected lithium‐ion battery cells in electric vehicle applications

Optimal algorithms for the charge equalisation controller of series connected lithium‐ion battery cells in electric vehicle applications

Battery cell balance of electric vehicles under fast-DC charging

Driving behaviour and trip condition effects on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle under real-world driving

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