Limb-reduction defects and chorion villus sampling

Amniocentesis before 14 completed weeks as an alternative to transabdominal chorionic villus sampling: a controlled trial with infant follow‐up

“…EA also gained considerable support from studies suggesting an increased incidence of terminal limb defects after chorionic villus sampling (Anonymous, 1991;Firth et al, 1991;Hsieh et al, 1991;Lilford, 1991;Mastroiacovo and Pontes Cavalcanti, 1991;Mastroiacovo and Botto, 1992;Burton et al, 1992;Quintero et al, 1992;Mastroiacovo et al, 1993;Firth et al, 1994;Hsieh et al, 1995;Mastroiacovo and Botto, 1996;Firth et al, 1996).…”

Disruption sequences: Embryonic vascular accident or blastogenic disruption sequence?

“…The limb anomalies in the animals are similar to those seen in several human disruption sequences. The case is apparently strengthened by the recent reports in humans showing an apparently increased incidence of congenital "amputations" and Mobius sequence in chorionic villous sampling procedures [Firth et al, 1991;Mastroiacovo and Cavalcanti, 1991;Mastroiacovo et al, 19923 as well as the numerous older reports concerning very similar defects following amniocentesis [Kohn, 1987;Moessinger et al, 1981;Rehder and Weitzel, 1978;nasler et al, 19561. However, there are compelling reasons for considering an alternative mechanism because in some cases it is difficult to reconcile the observed events with a cardiovascular disruption. Initially, the transport needs of the embryo are met by diffusion and a primitive coelomic circulation.…”

The Effect of Chorionic Villus Sampling on Fetal Heart Rate

“…However, CVS-induced limb defect is also an old history [15][16][17][18]. The available clinical evidence indicates that these defects occur primarily in pregnancies subjected to trans-cervical or trans-abdominal CVS prior to 9.5 weeks' gestation (66 days).…”