Likert scales: how to (ab)use them

Jamieson, Susan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.02012.x

Cited by 1,753 publications

(1,267 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,116

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Likert-type item-level data are rarely continuous and normally distributed (Bernstein and Teng, 1989;Jamieson, 2004) and our data were not an exclusion, either. Instead of M a n u s c r i p t…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Translation and validation of the Cardiac Depression Scale to Arabic

Papasavvas

Al-Amin

Ghabrash

et al. 2016

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) has been designed to measure depressive symptoms in patients with heart disease. There is no Arabic version of the CDS. We translated and validated the CDS in an Arabic sample of patients with heart disease. Methods: Forward and back translation of the CDS was followed by assessment of cultural relevance and content validity. The Arabic version of the CDS (A-CDS) and the Arabic version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (A-HADS) were then administered to 260 Arab in-patients with heart disease from 18 Arabic countries. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis with polychoric correlations. Internal consistency was assessed using ordinal reliability alpha and item-to-factor polychoric correlations. Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient between the A-CDS and the depression subscale of the A-HADS (A-HADS-D).Results: Cultural relevance and content validity of the A-CDS were satisfactory. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three robust factors, without cross-loadings, that formed a single dimension. Internal consistency was high (ordinal reliability alpha for the total scale and the three factors were .94, .91, .86, and .87, respectively; item-to-factor correlations ranged from .77 to .91). Concurrent validity was high (r = .72). The A-CDS demonstrated a closer to normal distribution of scores than the A-HADS-D. Limitations: Sensitivity and specificity of the A-CDS were not objectively assessed. Conclusions: The A-CDS appears to be a valid and reliable instrument to measure depressive symptoms in a representative sample of Arab in-patients with heart disease.Keywords: Arabic; Cardiac Depression Scale; cultural relevance; depression; heart disease; scale validation Highlights• We translated and validated the Cardiac Depression Scale to Arabic.• Cultural relevance and content validity were satisfactory.• A stable, parsimonious, and meaningful three-factor model was created.• Internal consistency and concurrent validity were high.• The translated scale appears to be a valid and reliable instrument.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We could not compare sample adequacy and goodness of fit measures because they were not reported in any of the studies. Furthermore, none of the studies used polychoric correlations, although Likert-type item-level data are rarely continuous and normally distributed (Bernstein and Teng, 1989;Jamieson, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation and validation of the Cardiac Depression Scale to Arabic

Papasavvas

Al-Amin

Ghabrash

et al. 2016

Asian Journal of Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…with responses ranked on a 5-point Likert scale on which 1 5 poor or strongly disagree, 2 5 disagree, 3 5 neither agree nor disagree, 4 5 agree, and 5 5 excellent or strongly agree. 14,15 The students were also asked to provide a written reply on what they liked most about this experience, what they liked least, and any general comments.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy Student Response to Patient-Simulation Mannequins to Teach Performance-based Pharmacotherapeutics

Seybert¹,

Laughlin²,

Benedict³

et al. 2006

Am J Pharm Educ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. To design and implement a simulated patient-case assessment using a mannequin for critical care pharmacotherapeutic education of doctor of pharmacy students and to evaluate student satisfaction with the simulation. Design. During the second year of the doctor of pharmacy program, all students were required to complete Introduction to Critical Care. This course consisted of didactic education, written patientcase sessions, and an interactive patient simulation session. Information on the patient case was distributed to students after completing the didactic portion of the course. Patient information was programmed into a simulation mannequin, which demonstrated characteristics of a critically ill human. Students were surveyed post-simulation to determine the effectiveness of the learning experience. Assessment. The majority of students (88%) were extremely satisfied with the experience. The facilitator was considered to be extremely useful in 75% of responses. Conclusion. By simulating a patient case, the facilitator was able to control students' learning environment, adapt the simulation to the level of the students' performance, and debrief students immediately. Ultimately, by involving students in actual patient cases early in the pharmacy curriculum, this type of education could produce pharmacists with a high level of expertise and confidence.

show abstract

“…These ordinal values were analysed with non-parametric Friedman ANOVAs and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests [24]. To compare our participants with those in other published research, parametric analysis was used to compare the MIQr subscales.…”

Section: Data Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Fourkas

Ionta

Aglioti

2006

Behavioural Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to test the assumption that kinesthetic imagery of action is more 'motor' than visual imagery of action. We assessed corticospinal excitability during motor imagery of a thumb-palm opposition movement by recording potentials evoked by TMS from two hand muscles that would (opponens pollicis, OP, target) or would not (abductor digiti minimi, ADM, control) be activated during actual performance of the very same movement. Participants were asked to imagine the thumb-palm opposition movement while maintaining first person imagery that was either purely visual or predominately kinesthetic. The motor imagery task was performed in two conditions in which the imagined and the actual hand could be either congruent or incongruent. Facilitation of potentials recorded from OP was higher during imagery carried out in mentally congruent than incongruent postures. This effect was largely due to lack of excitability recorded during incongruent kinesthetic imagery, which was indistinguishable from baseline imagery of the static hand. All other conditions differed from static imagery regardless of position. No significant effects were found in a control muscle (ADM) thus indicating that the effect was not related to spatial coding. Subjective reports obtained after the experiment indicate that the results cannot be ascribed to qualitative differences in the imagery experienced. For relatively simple motor tasks requiring no 'expertise' we found no detectable difference in the motor cortex due to imagery modality.

show abstract

Likert scales: how to (ab)use them

Cited by 1,753 publications

References 8 publications

Translation and validation of the Cardiac Depression Scale to Arabic

Translation and validation of the Cardiac Depression Scale to Arabic

Pharmacy Student Response to Patient-Simulation Mannequins to Teach Performance-based Pharmacotherapeutics

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About