Light, temperature and tocopherol status influence foliar vascular anatomy and leaf function in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

This study addressed whether the winter annual Arabidopsis thaliana can adjust foliar phloem and xylem anatomy both differentially and in parallel. In plants acclimated to hot vs cool temperature, foliar minor vein xylem-to-phloem ratio was greater, whereas xylem and phloem responded concomitantly to growth light intensity. Across all growth conditions, xylem anatomy correlated with transpiration rate, while phloem anatomy correlated with photosynthetic capacity for two plant lines (wild-type Col-0 and tocopherol-deficient vte1 mutant) irrespective of tocopherol status. A high foliar vein density (VD) was associated with greater numbers and cross-sectional areas of both xylem and phloem cells per vein as well as higher rates of both photosynthesis and transpiration under high vs low light intensities. Under hot vs cool temperature, high foliar VD was associated with a higher xylem-to-phloem ratio and greater relative rates of transpiration to photosynthesis. Tocopherol status affected development of foliar vasculature as dependent on growth environment. The most notable impact of tocopherol deficiency was seen under hot growth temperature, where the vte1 mutant exhibited greater numbers of tracheary elements (TEs) per vein, a greater ratio of TEs to sieve elements, with smaller individual sizes of TEs, and resulting similar total areas of TEs per vein and transpiration rates compared with Col-0 wild-type. These findings illustrate the plasticity of foliar vascular anatomy acclimation to growth environment resulting from independent adjustments of the vasculature's components.

Different Light Radiation Intensities on Cotton: A Physiological Approach

“…It is worth mentioning that the understanding of the mechanism of opening and closing the stomatal cleft can be compromised or enhanced with nutritional stress factors (Table 1), and the availability of H 2 O in the soil-plant-atmosphere system [10,11] and even internal morphology of the leaves of each species and variety [3,4,5,6]. As previously mentioned, stomata conductance presented a positive correlation with the other variables ( Table 3).…”

“…Light is the primary source of energy related to photosynthesis and morphogenetic phenomena, and is one of the main factors that influence plant growth and development [2,3,4]. Nevertheless, increase in light intensity can reduce the photosynthetic activity through photoinhibition, and this response can be variable between plant species and varieties [5,6].…”

Physiological Parameters of Soybean Under Different Intensities of Artificial Light

“…The opening of stomata cleft can be proved with the values found in stomata conductance (gs), as Figure 3 shows, in which the light intensity acts in stomatas. Other factors also are linked to opening and closure of stomatal clefts such as nutritional stress and herbivory (Reis et al, 2018;Reis et al, 2017;Meza-Canales et al, 2017;Shrestha et al, 2018), H 2 O availability in the system soil-plant-atmosphere (Bellasio et al, 2017;Li et al, 2017) and inner morphology of plants (Stewart et al, 2017;Feldman et al, 2017;Xiong et al, 2017;Rockwell & Holbrook, 2017). These factors influences in leaves transpiration (Figure 3), that shows similar and linear responses between these two parameters, presenting a positive correlation between them.…”

Optimization of Photosynthetic Productivity in Contrasting Environments by Regulons Controlling Plant Form and Function

“…Studies with tocopherol-deficient mutants have established a link between tocopherol-dependent signaling and the foliar vasculature [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. Tocopherol levels affected the specific organization of water and sugar conduits ( Table 1 ), but impacted neither total sugar- and water-transport capacity nor photosynthetic capacity (not shown; see [ 72 ]).…”

“…Concomitant increases of the number of chloroplast-rich palisade layers and leaf vascular capacity led to the coordinated upregulation of light collection, carbon uptake, and sugar export under cool growth temperature and/or high growth light intensity [ 71 , 75 , 98 ]. The exceptionally high photosynthetic capacity in cool-grown plants of the Swedish ecotype [ 59 , 75 , 76 ] is conducive for taking advantage of narrow windows of opportunity for carbon gain during warm, high-light periods during mild winter and spring days.…”