Light Microscopic Stereological Analysis of the Normal Human Prostate and of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Bartsch, Georg; Müller, Hans Robert; Oberholzer, M.; Rohr, H.P.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)56476-9

Cited by 275 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This leakage phenomenon could also provide access of seminal plasma kinins to normally segregated prostate tissue. Therefore the mitogenic actions of BK might be signi®cant in terms of BPH which, symptomatically, is associated with an excess stromal proliferation (Shapiro et al, 1992;Bartsch et al, 1979) or in in¯ammatory diseases such as prostatitis. Kinins are modest in their growth promoting abilities compared to the classical growth factors such as EGF and FGF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BPH describes a benign proliferation of stromal and epithelial elements of the prostate gland, however it is ®bromuscular stromal proliferation that is associated with the bothersome urinary symptoms that accompany BPH (Shapiro et al, 1992;Bartsch et al, 1979). Reduction of ®bromuscular stromal mass and tone are clinically important objectives in the treatment of BPH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitogenic activation of human prostate‐derived fibromuscular stromal cells by bradykinin

Walden¹,

Lefkowitz²,

Ittmann³

et al. 1999

British J Pharmacology

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1 Biologically active kinin peptides are released from precursor kininogens by kallikreins. Kinins act on kinin receptors to mediate diverse biological functions including smooth muscle contraction, in¯ammation, pain and mitogenicity. All components of the kallikrein-kinin system exist in human male genital secretions suggesting that these molecules participate in physiological and pathophysiological genitourinary function. The objective of this study was to assess the consequences of kinin action on prostate cells. 2 Primary cultures of prostate secretory epithelial (PE) and prostate ®bromuscular stromal (PS) cells were established from human prostate tissue. Transcripts encoding both the human B1 and B2 bradykinin receptor subtypes were detected in human prostate transition-zone tissue and in cultured cells by RT ± PCR. In receptor binding assays, the B1 subtype predominated on PE cell membranes and the B2 subtype predominated on PS cell membranes. In PS cells, but not in PE cells, BK induced signi®cant inositol phosphate accumulation and [ 3 H]-thymidine uptake. These responses were mediated through the B2 receptor subtype. 3 The use of signal transduction inhibitors indicated that mitogenic activation by BK occurred through both protein kinase C (PKC) and protein tyrosine kinase dependent mechanisms. PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) produced maximal [ 3 H]-thymidine uptake by PS cells, resulted in cell elongation and caused the a-actin ®bres present in PS smooth muscle cells to became organized into parallel arrays along the length of the elongated cells. 4 In summary, the prostate contains a functional kallikrein-kinin system, which could be signi®cant in physiological and pathophysiological prostate function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitogenic activation of human prostate‐derived fibromuscular stromal cells by bradykinin

Walden¹,

Lefkowitz²,

Ittmann³

et al. 1999

British J Pharmacology

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“…The stromal-to-epithelial ratio (S/E ratio) was calculated in some morphological studies (Bartsch et al 1979;Doehring et al 1996;Shapiro et al 1997). Although morphological quantitation of histological normal prostates has been reported, these studies were performed either in men under 30-years of age (Bartsch et al 1979;Shapiro et al 1997;Chagas et al 2002;Matsuda et al 2006) or over 50 years (Deng et al 1995;Doehring et al 1996;Pirus 2006). Contradictory results were obtained in these studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related histological and zinc content changes in adult nonhyperplastic prostate glands

Zaichick

2013

AGE

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To clarify age-related histological and Zn content changes in nonhyperplastic adult prostate glands, a quantitative morphometric and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyses were performed. The prostates were obtained from autopsies of 63 subjects aged 21-70 years who died mainly from trauma. It was found that histologically normal prostate tissue undergoes substantial changes throughout aging. These changes are reflected in an increase of the percent volume of the glandular lumen for the third to fifth decades, reaching a maximum for the decade 41-50 years. Over the same period, the percent volume of the stroma remains steady, but the percent volume of epithelium decreases, approximately, linearly with age. The percent volume of glandular lumen (reflects the volume of prostatic fluid) in the prostate gland of men aged 41 to 50 years is 1.5-fold higher than that in men aged 21 to 30 years, but the epithelium/lumen (prostatic fluid) ratio is approximately twofold lower. This suggests that accumulation of the prostatic fluid develops from 30 to 50 years of age. This accumulation of the prostatic fluid results in an increase of the Zn mass fraction in the prostate. In turn, when the intraprostatic Zn level exceeds a certain level by the end of the fifth decade, it begins to work as a trigger for different factors, all of which increase the proliferation of stromal cells. Deductions from these results allow possible partial explanations of both relevant prostatic aging mechanisms and the effects of dietary interventions using supplementary Zn.

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“…[37] The stromal cells have been considered to play a primary role in androgen-dependent prostatic growth. [38,39] …”

Section: α-Reductase Types and Their Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of 5α-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign hyperplasia of prostate

Kumar¹,

Wahane²

2008

Indian J Med Sci

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common problem in aging menof BPH include increased urinary frequency, urgency, intermittency; nocturia; decreased force of stream; hesitancy and straining that are usually associated with complications such as acute urinary retention, urinary incontinence, recurrent urinary tract infection, hematuria, renal failure, and bladder stone. [4][5][6][7][8][9] The primary goal for treating symptomatic BPH is to improve urine ß ow, for which both surgical and nonsurgical approaches are available. Surgical treatment for BPH is usually indicated in recurrent cases of urinary retention, urinary tract infections, hematuria, and in azotemia.

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Light Microscopic Stereological Analysis of the Normal Human Prostate and of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Cited by 275 publications

References 5 publications

Mitogenic activation of human prostate‐derived fibromuscular stromal cells by bradykinin

Mitogenic activation of human prostate‐derived fibromuscular stromal cells by bradykinin

Age-related histological and zinc content changes in adult nonhyperplastic prostate glands

Current status of 5α-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign hyperplasia of prostate

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