Light-Duty Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Federal Test Procedure Emissions Results

Kelly, Kenneth; Eudy, Leslie; Coburn, T.

doi:10.2172/750888

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Kelly et al (1999) using average T/NMHC estimates for CNG vehicles, modified to T/VOC using 1.169 TOG/NMHC (from EPA 1999a) and 0.808 VOC/TOG conversion factors.…”

Section: California Phase 3 Reformulated Gasoline (Carfg3a and Carfg3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recent published analyses of speciated emissions data from light-duty CNG vehicles is in Winebrake and Deaton (1999a) and Kelly et al (1999). In those studies, the researchers analyze data collected at NAFDC on CNG vehicles operating in the federal government fleet.…”

Section: Bi-fuel and Dedicated Compressed Natural Gas Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winebrake and Deaton (1999a) analyzed 145 CNG vehicle tests for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, but only five vehicle tests for butadiene and benzene. We chose to use the Winebrake and Deaton (1999a) estimates, with a slight modification to 1,3-butadiene on the basis of Kelly et al (1999). Other earlier studies suggest that, compared to gasoline, CNG vehicles will offer similar formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions, virtually eliminate benzene emissions, and significantly reduce 1,3-butadiene emissions (EPA 1990;CARB 1989;CARB 1991).…”

Section: Bi-fuel and Dedicated Compressed Natural Gas Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Winebrake and Deaton (1999a) study and the Kelly et al (1999) report contain T/NMHC analyses of Dodge Intrepids, Dodge Spirits, and Econoline vans operating on methanol fuel blends. The fractions are affected by the amount of methanol in these blends.…”

Section: Methanol Flexible-fuel Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winebrake and Deaton (1999a) included MY92 and MY93 Chevrolet Lumina and MY95 Ford Taurus models in their data analysis (96 vehicle tests for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and nine vehicle tests for benzene and butadiene). Kelly et al (1996bKelly et al ( , 1999 Winebrake and Deaton (1999a) and average T/NMHC estimates for E85 vehicles, modified to T/VOC using 1.169 TOG/NMHC and 0.808 VOC/TOG conversion factors.…”

Section: Ethanol Flexible-fuel Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Fuel-cycle emissions for conventional and alternative fuel vehicles : an assessment of air toxics.

Winebrake¹,

He²,

Wang³

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Kelly et al (1999) using average T/NMHC estimates for CNG vehicles, modified to T/VOC using 1.169 TOG/NMHC (from EPA 1999a) and 0.808 VOC/TOG conversion factors.…”

Section: California Phase 3 Reformulated Gasoline (Carfg3a and Carfg3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bi-fuel and Dedicated Compressed Natural Gas Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bi-fuel and Dedicated Compressed Natural Gas Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methanol Flexible-fuel Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethanol Flexible-fuel Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fuel-cycle emissions for conventional and alternative fuel vehicles : an assessment of air toxics.

Winebrake¹,

He²,

Wang³

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dispersion-box modeling investigation of the influences of gasoline, diesel, M85 and E85 vehicle exhaust emission on photochemistry

Gabay

Tas

2019

Environmental Pollution

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Impact of Adaptation on Flex-Fuel Vehicle Emissions When Fueled with E40

Yanowitz

Knoll

Kemper

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Nine flex-fuel vehicles meeting Tier 1, light duty vehicle-low emission vehicle (LDV-LEV), light duty truck 2-LEV (LDT2-LEV), and Tier 2 emission standards were tested over hot-start and cold-start three-phase LA92 cycles for nonmethane organic gases, ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetone, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO(2)), as well as fuel economy. Emissions were measured immediately after refueling with E40. The vehicles had previously been adapted to either E10 or E76. An overall comparison of emissions and fuel economy behavior of vehicles running on E40 showed results generally consistent with adaptation to the blend after the length of the three-phase hot-start LA92 test procedure (1735 s, 11 miles). However, the single LDT2-LEV vehicle, a Dodge Caravan, continued to exhibit statistically significant differences in emissions for most pollutants when tested on E40 depending on whether the vehicle had been previously adapted to E10 or E76. The results were consistent with an overestimate of the amount of ethanol in the fuel when E40 was added immediately after the use of E76. Increasing ethanol concentration in fuel led to reductions in fuel economy, NO(x), CO, CO(2), and acetone emissions as well as increases in emissions of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde.

show abstract

Light-Duty Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Federal Test Procedure Emissions Results

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Fuel-cycle emissions for conventional and alternative fuel vehicles : an assessment of air toxics.

Fuel-cycle emissions for conventional and alternative fuel vehicles : an assessment of air toxics.

Dispersion-box modeling investigation of the influences of gasoline, diesel, M85 and E85 vehicle exhaust emission on photochemistry

Impact of Adaptation on Flex-Fuel Vehicle Emissions When Fueled with E40

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