Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the white tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla, Accipitridae, Aves)

Jackowiak, Hanna; Godynicki, S

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2004.11.003

Cited by 93 publications

(195 citation statements)

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“…As we learned from our study, adipose tissue also surrounds the lingual glands, and thus, movements of the tongue may bring about mechanic stimuli, causing mucus release from the glandular secretory units and ducts. The distribution of such glands and their openings so far studied in birds revealed that the anterior lingual glands have their openings at both sides of the tongue and posterior lingual glands at the surface of the root (Iwasaki and Kobayashi, 1986;Kobayashi et al, 1998;Liman et al, 2001;Jackowiak and Godynicki, 2005;Rossi et al, 2005). Our observations in the domestic goose corroborate the findings of most of the latter authors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…As previously reported for the parrot, chicken, and white-tailed eagle (Homberger and Brush, 1986;Homberger and Meyer, 1989;Jackowiak and Godynicki, 2005), the epithelium of the ''lingual nail'' shows a strong or hard keratinization. In the domestic goose, the ''lingual nail'' has a unique shape, because it ensheathes the apex of the tongue and pierces the apex edges.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…These morphological features resemble those of the bean goose belonging to the Anserinae subfamily (Iwasaki, 1997). However, in the domestic goose, the dorsal surface of the body and of the lingual prominence showed a median groove, whereas in the bean goose (Iwasaki, 1997) and in the white-tailed eagle (Jackowiak and Godynicki, 2005) such structure was only present at the body of the tongue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. Domestica)

Jackowiak

Skieresz‐Szewczyk

Godynicki

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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116

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Using LM and SEM methods, the study describes microstructures in particular areas of the tongue of the goose. A thick multilayered keratinized epithelium forms the ''lingual nail'' and covers small and giant conical papillae, whereby the first functions as an exoskeleton of the tongue apex, and the latter are arranged along the lingual and well-developed connective tissue cores, and together with the bill lamellae are involved in cutting. The row of conical papillae on the lingual prominence prevents regurgitation of transported food. In the area of the ''lingual nail'' and in the anterior part of the lingual prominence, Herbst corpuscles are accumulated, which allow to recognize food position. Filiform papillae, as widely distributed between the conical papillae of the body, are responsible for filtering. They can be explained as long keratinized processes of the epithelium and are devoid of connective tissue cores. During food transport, the flattened areas of the lingual body and the lingual prominence are protected by a parakeratinized epithelium, but the root is covered by a nonkeratinized epithelium. The presence of adipose tissue in the tongue probably reduces pressure during food passage, but also promotes mucus evacuation from the lingual glands, thus facilitating food transport. An entoglossal bone with a continuation as cartilage is the stable structural basis of the tongue system. Anat Rec, 294:1574Rec, 294: -1584Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: tongue; epithelium; lingual papillae; lingual nail; Herbst corpuscles; domestic gooseThe type of food intake and processing of food in animals are important factors to affect the morphological diversity of structures on the surface of the tongue. Previous investigations of the oral cavity in birds focused on the position of the tongue in the beak cavity and detailed macroanatomical and microanatomical features, such as diversity of mechanical papillae, types of epithelium covering the lingual mucosa and modifications of skeletal structures, including the hyoid apparatus. Moreover, several earlier studies included already aspects of the rich relief of the tongue in

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. Domestica)

Jackowiak

Skieresz‐Szewczyk

Godynicki

et al. 2011

The Anatomical Record

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116

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“…On the tongue of the goose, giant conical papillae were located in a transverse row between the lingual body and the lingual radix (Iwasaki et al, 1997). At a point approximately 2/3 of the length of the tongue in the white tailed eagle, between the body and the root of the tongue there were large conical papillae, the apices of which were pointed towards the posterior part of the tongue (Jackowiak and Godynicki, 2005). In the tongues of the peregrine falcon and common kestrel, the conical region between the lingual apex and lingual root was very wide area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…chickens, parrot, geese, eagle and cormorant (Iwasaki and Kobayashi, 1986;Homberger and Brush, 1986;Iwasaki et al, 1997;Jackowiak and Godynicki, 2005;Jackowiak et al, 2006). The results of morphological studies conducted so far indicate a close correlation of the shape of the tongue with the method of food intake and the type of food, and habitat.…”

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confidence: 82%

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Tongue in the Peregrine Falcon and Common Kestrel

Emura

Okumura

Chen

2008

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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The studies on the structure of the tongue in birds have been conducted on a small number of species, i.e. chickens, parrot, geese, eagle and cormorant (Iwasaki and Kobayashi, 1986;Homberger and Brush, 1986;Iwasaki et al., 1997;Jackowiak and Godynicki, 2005;Jackowiak et al., 2006). The results of morphological studies conducted so far indicate a close correlation of the shape of the tongue with the method of food intake and the type of food, and habitat.However, no scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of the tongue of the owl has been carried out. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to examine threedimensionally the dorsal lingual surface of the owl, in order to compare the results with those previous reports in other birds. Materials and MethodsThe tongues of an adult peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) of the family Falconidae were used in this study. The tongues were fixed in 10% formalin. Small blocks containing papillae were cut with a razor blade, post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for 1 h. Thereafter, the specimens were dehydrated through graded series of acetone and criticalpoint-dried. To show the three-dimensional connective tissue structure of the lamina propria of the mucosa, some of the samples were washed in distilled water after fixation and macerated in 3.5N HCl at room temperature for 6 days. After maceration tissues were washed in the distilled water and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for 1 h, and dehydrated in a series of acetone and criticalpoint-dried. All specimens were sputtered with Pt-Pd before being examined under SEM (Hitachi S-3500N, Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. ResultsThe tongue of the adult peregrine falcon is about 2.5 cm long. The tongue of the adult common kestrel is about 1.5 cm long. The tips of the tongues of the peregrine falcon and common kestrel were bifid ( Fig. 1 and 3). Three parts are distinguished in the dorsal surface of the tongue: the apex, the body and the root of the tongue in each bird ( Fig. 1 and 3). The region of the openings of the lingual glands between the lingual apex and lingual root are very wide area (Fig. 1, 2c, 2d, 3, 4c and 4d). Many conical papillae of the lingual body are inclined toward the posterior of the tongue on the posterior end (Figs. 1, 2e, 2f, 3, 4e and 4f). At low magnification of scanning electron microscopy, many processes are observed densely distributed over the entire lingual apex of the dorsal surface ( 11

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Localization of Alpha‐Keratin and Beta‐Keratin (Corneous Beta Protein) in the Epithelium on the Ventral Surface of the Lingual Apex and Its Lingual Nail in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. domestica) by Using Immunohistochemistry and Raman Microspectroscopy Analysis

Skieresz‐Szewczyk

Jackowiak

Buchwald

et al. 2017

The Anatomical Record

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The epithelium of the ventral surface of the apex of the tongue in most birds is specified by the presence of the special superficial layer called lingual nail. The aim of the present study is to determine the localization of the alpha-keratin and beta-keratin (corneous beta protein) in this special epithelium in the domestic goose by using immunohistochemistry staining and the Raman spectroscopy analysis. Due to lack of commercially available antibodies to detect beta-keratin (corneous beta protein), the Raman spectroscopy was used as a specific tool to detect and describe the secondary structure of proteins. The immunohistochemical (IHC) detections reveal the presence of alpha-keratin in all layers of the epithelium, but significant differences in the distribution of the alpha-keratin in the epithelial layers appear. The staining reaction is stronger from the basal layer to the upper zone of the intermediate layer. The unique result is weak staining for the alpha-keratin in the lingual nail. Applications of the Raman spectroscopy as a complementary method not only confirmed results of IHC staining for alpha-keratin, but showed that this technique could be used to demonstrate the presence of beta-keratin (corneous beta protein). Functionally, the localization of alpha-keratin in the epithelium of the ventral surface of the lingual apex provides a proper scaffold for epithelial cells and promotes structural integrity, whereas the presence of beta-keratin (corneous beta protein) in the lingual nail, described also as exoskeleton of the ventral surface of the apex, endures mechanical stress. Anat Rec, 300:1361-1368, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the white tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla, Accipitridae, Aves)

Cited by 93 publications

References 10 publications

Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. Domestica)

Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. Domestica)

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Tongue in the Peregrine Falcon and Common Kestrel

Localization of Alpha‐Keratin and Beta‐Keratin (Corneous Beta Protein) in the Epithelium on the Ventral Surface of the Lingual Apex and Its Lingual Nail in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. domestica) by Using Immunohistochemistry and Raman Microspectroscopy Analysis

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