In this period when
environmental pollution has become uncontrollable,
the removal of drug active substances reaching the environment and
the analysis of drug active substances in different matrix environments
are important for both living life and a sustainable environment.
Therefore, the production of multifunctional materials that can be
used in these two different processes has gained importance in the
literature. Based on this thought, in this study, a g-C
3
N
4
@TiO
2
@Fe
3
O
4
multifunctional
nanohybrid material was synthesized and used for magnetic solid-phase
extraction (MSPE) and photocatalytic degradation of trimethoprim and
isoniazid, used together in tuberculosis treatment. All analyses were
performed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a diode-array
detection (HPLC-DAD) system. The synthesized material was characterized
by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET) method, ζ-potential analysis, field-emission scanning
electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(EDX). Important analytical parameters for the MSPE method such as
the pH value of the sample solution, the volume of the sample solution,
the amount of the sorbent, the type and volume of the elution solvent,
and extraction time were optimized. The optimized MSPE method was
then applied to different environmental waters and pharmaceutical
samples. The recovery percentages for these samples were found to
be between 95 and 107%. For trimethoprim and isoniazid, the limit
of detections (LODs) were 0.055 and 0.145 and the limit of quantifications
(LOQs) were 0.167 and 0.439 ng·mL
–1
, respectively.
It was observed that ∼100% of trimethoprim and isoniazid active
components were photocatalytically removed from the g-C
3
N
4
@TiO
2
@Fe
3
O
4
nanohybrid
material in ∼120 min under UV light.