Supramolecular solvents: a review of a modern innovation in liquid-phase microextraction technique

Abstract

Supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) have rapidly gained more attention as a potential substitute to organic solvents in the sample preparation and pre-concentration process. The essential properties of SUPRAS solvents (e.g., multiple binding sites, different polarity microenvironments, the opportunity to tailor their properties, etc.) these qualities offer numerous opportunities to advance innovative sample preparation and pre-treatment platforms compared to the traditional solvents. Among these qualities, certain importance is placed on theoretical and practical knowledge. That has assisted in making significant developments in SUPRAS that advance our understanding of the processes behind SUPRA'S formation. The SUPRA-solute interactions that drive extractions are explored in this context to develop knowledge-based extraction techniques. This review mainly focused on the significant application of supramolecular-based solvents (SUPRASs) in microextraction techniques.SUPRASs-based liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is an excellent tool for extracting, simple preparation, and pre-concentration from complex environmental samples. SUPRASs-LPME has a wide range of applications for analysing food, environmental samples, pharmaceuticals, and biological samples.

Supramolecular solvent-based-vortex-assisted-dispersive liquid liquid microextraction of Sudan Black B in food samples prior to spectrophotometric detection

“…Matrix components, pH and temperature can affect the aggregation of amphiphilic molecules. In SUPRASs, amphiphilic molecules come together to form reverse micelles [ 10 – 13 ]. SUPRASs provide simplicity and efficiency in the extraction process with interactions such as ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobicity.…”

Primary Amine-Induced Coacervation in Alkyl Polyglucoside Micellar Solution for Supramolecular Solvent-Based Microextraction

“…Recently, APGs have been successfully applied for supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) formation and liquid-phase microextraction . Nonionic surfactant-based SUPRASs are water-immiscible nanostructured liquids spontaneously produced from an amphiphile solution due to the coacervation process which causes an increase in the size of the amphiphile aggregates and their separation as a new liquid phase. , Coacervation is typically induced by temperature, pH, or addition of salt to the amphiphile solution, which results in decreasing the repulsion among the supramolecular aggregates and promotes their growth through self-assembly. Nevertheless, the coacervation process in APG micellar solution is different and strongly depends on the surfactant structure.…”