Lifetime reproductive performance of lines of mice after long term selection for first parity litter size at birth

Luxford, B. G.; Buis, Roger; Beilharz, R. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.1990.tb00025.x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…I) estimated between LS and LW were very similar to those previously provided (1.00 and 0.96, respectively [5]). This is consistent with other authors: a genetic correlation of 1.0 was reported for LS and LW in mice by Luxford et al [17] and for LS and litter weight at weaning by Luxford and Beilharz [16]. Hubby et al [12], in pigs, estimated a genetic correlation between litter size at birth and litter size at weaning of 0.98.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic parameters for canalisation analysis of litter size and litter weight traits at birth in mice

et al. 2006

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-The aim of this research was to explore the genetic parameters associated with environmental variability for litter size (LS), litter weight (LW) and mean individual birth weight (IW) in mice before canalisation. The analyses were conducted on an experimental mice population designed to reduce environmental variability for LS. The analysed database included 1976 records for LW and IW and 4129 records for LS. The total number of individuals included in the analysed pedigree was 3997. Heritabilities estimated for the traits under an initial exploratory approach varied from 0.099 to 0.101 for LS, from 0.112 to 0.148 for LW and from 0.028 to 0.033 for IW. The means of the posterior distribution of the heritability under a Bayesian approach were the following: 0.10 (LS), 0.13 (LW) and 0.03 (IW). In general, the heritabilities estimated under the initial exploratory approach for the environmental variability of the analysed traits were low. Genetic correlations estimated between the trait and its variability reached values of -0.929 (LS), -0.815 (LW) and 0.969 (IW). The results presented here for the first time in mice may suggest a genetic basis for variability of the evaluated traits, thus opening the possibility to be implemented in selection schemes.canalisation / variability / mice / litter size / litter weight

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Genetic parameters for canalisation analysis of litter size and litter weight traits at birth in mice

et al. 2006

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“…Each component can respond to selection, but as one increases others have to decrease, and F is likely to decrease as well, as the system moves from its optimal values. Our research (L uxford et al 1990) showed that, after first litter size in mice was successfully raised through selection, there were fewer litters produced in six months of continuous breeding. Furthermore, because of higher mortality to weaning, the total number of young weaned over six months of breeding was much lower than in unselected control mice.…”

Section: Other Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The total number or weight of young weaned over a longish period of time (such as the total productive life of a cow, or 6 or more months of continuous breeding by a housemouse) is clearly a far better measure of reproductive fitness than reproduction, however measured, at the first parity, or just counting the number born or hatched, or measuring ovulation rate. In our work (L uxford et al 1990) we have measured the total weight of young mice weaned by a female over 6 months of continuous breeding. Even this is not complete fitness.…”

Section: Measurement Of Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative genetics and evolution: Is our understanding of genetics sufficient to explain evolution?

Beilharz

Luxford

Wilkinson

1993

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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154

120

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We have provided a bridge between geneticists, who tend to concentrate on genes and their frequencies, and other biologists, who are much more aware of how severely the environment constrains and limits life. This bridge is the recognition that a . fitness is a product of important component traits, b . these and most other traits consume environmental resources and these resources are additively related and can sum to no more than the total resources an animal can obtain from the environment, c . allele frequencies can alter only to the degree that the phenotypes that carry the alleles reproduce themselves successfully, i. e. are fit, d . fitness must rise, because it is never free from natural selection upwards, to the point where it can rise no further, because all environmental resources available to an animal are being used most efficiently, e . in this state of adaptation, fitness is completely limited by the environment and all other traits important to the animal are constrained to a greater or lesser degree at intermediate, "optimal" values, and f . traits or molecules unimportant to animals, so that they are completely neutral with respect to fitness, are free to drift genetically and hence gene substitutions can occur at rates related to their mutation rates. This bridge between genetics and other parts of biology shows that the various theories apparently causing concern for the modern synthetic theory of evolution are entirely compatible with it. Bursts of rapid evolutionary change between long periods of evolutionary stasis are the necessary consequences of strong natural selection acting on fitness, in ecosystems that are stable until external forces cause them to change. Neutral (random) evolution describes the fate of genetic material that is unimportant for organisms, i. e. material that is truly neutral with respect to fitness. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Quantitative Genetik und Evolution. Genügt unser genetisches Verständnis um Evolution zu erklären? Wir bauten eine Brücke zwischen Genetikern, die mit Genen und ihren Frequenzen arbeiten, und anderen Biologen, die wissen wie stark die Umwelt Lebewesen hemmend beeinflußt. Diese Brücke besteht aus den folgenden Erkenntnissen: a . Fitness ist ein Produkt der wichtigsten Komponenten. b . Diese und die meisten anderen Merkmale verbrauchen Nahrung. Die Nahrung, die ein Lebewesen nur aus der Umwelt erhalten kann, enthält die maximale Summe der metabolischen Ressourcen, die das Wesen dann in additiver Weise in einzelne Merkmale investiert. c . Allelfrequenzen können sich nur erhöhen, wenn der Phänotyp, der die Allele trägt, sich erfolgreich fortpflanzt. d . Weil Fitness immer unter natürlicher Selektion nach oben steht, muß der Fitnesswert steigen bis alle Umweltressourcen so effizient wie möglich genützt werden. e . In solchem Stadium der völligen Anpassung an die Umwelt, ist Fitness ganz durch die Umwelt limitiert und alle anderen wichtigen Merkmale in größerem oder kleinerem Maße in Optimalwerte gezwängt. f . Unwichtige Merkmale oder genetische Moleküle, die ...

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“…Ainsi, chez les vaches laitières, observe-t-on une corrélation génétique négative entre la durée d'anoestrus postpartum et la production laitière (Royal et al 2002), suggérant que la sélection a favorisé un arbitrage temporel vers la production aux dépens de la reproduction, en retardant le retour en chaleurs. D'autres exemples très clairs montrent l'impact d'une sélection intensive à une période précoce de la vie sur les arbitrages entre fonctions biologiques, avec des conséquences fortes sur le bien-être de l'animal plus âgé et sa longévité (Nagai et al 1980, Luxford et al 1990, Evans et al 2006, Theilgaard et al 2007 aisément si l'on considère que les processus sous-jacents à toute capacité adaptative impliquent un coût pour l'animal. Avoir un potentiel d'adaptation correspond à un investissement de type « prime d'assurances » contre les risques futurs.…”

Section: / Comprendre Et Exploiter Les Aspects Temporels De La Robustunclassified

Des animaux plus robustes : un enjeu majeur pour le développement durable des productions animales nécessitant l’essor du phénotypage fin et à haut débit

Phocas¹,

Bobe²,

Bodin³

et al. 2014

INRA Prod. Anim.

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L’enjeu majeur du phénotypage animal est d’acquérir une connaissance systémique de la robustesse des animaux d’élevage pour répondre au mieux à une double finalité en termes d’exploitation de la variabilité des aptitudes animales : une sélection éclairée vers des objectifs majeurs pour améliorer l’efficience et la robustesse des génotypes, et un élevage de précision exploitant la variabilité individuelle des animaux pour gagner en résilience à l’échelle du troupeau, ou pour améliorer la conduite à génotype donné. Deux défis majeurs de connaissance, interdépendants et communs à toutes les filières animales, sont à relever pour améliorer la robustesse des animaux : i) comprendre et prédire les compromis entre fonctions vitales, c’est-à-dire les changements de priorités dans l’allocation de ressources limitées ; ii) comprendre et exploiter les aspects temporels de la robustesse au cours de la vie de l’animal pour lui permettre de maintenir son niveau de production dans une large gamme d’environnements sans pour autant compromettre sa reproduction, sa santé et son bien-être. Atteindre ces objectifs nécessite de lever les verrous techniques suivants : i) définir des phénotypes complexes à partir de l’intégration de données obtenues à différentes échelles moléculaires, tissulaires, de l’animal ou d’une de ses fonctions ; ii) mettre en oeuvre des technologies à haut débit pour caractériser à moindre coût et le plus précisément possible le plus grand nombre d’animaux ; iii) développer d’importantes bases de données, des méthodes et outils informatiques performants, nécessaires aux traitements des informations à des fins de modélisation et de biologie prédictive.

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Lifetime reproductive performance of lines of mice after long term selection for first parity litter size at birth

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Genetic parameters for canalisation analysis of litter size and litter weight traits at birth in mice

Genetic parameters for canalisation analysis of litter size and litter weight traits at birth in mice

Quantitative genetics and evolution: Is our understanding of genetics sufficient to explain evolution?

Des animaux plus robustes : un enjeu majeur pour le développement durable des productions animales nécessitant l’essor du phénotypage fin et à haut débit

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