Lifestyle factors affecting intrapair differences of serum apoproteins and cholesterol concentrations in adult identical twins

Hayakawa, Kayoko; Shimizu, Tadahiko; Ohba, Y; Tomioka, Shigeru

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(87)90173-0

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…An example of carotid stenosis is shown in Figure 1. In addition, minor plaques in the carotid bifurcation were found in 38 of 49 smoking cotwins and in 38 of 49 nonsmoking cotwins. The mean number of echogenic plaques for each person (excluding persons with carotid stenosis) was 1.90 (SD=0.70) for smokers and 1.23 (SD=0.85) for nonsmokers (p<0.001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid arteriosclerosis in identical twins discordant for cigarette smoking.

et al. 1989

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From a nationwide twin panel, identical twin pairs with highest discordance in cigarette smoking were selected for a study of arteriosclerosis (49 pairs with a mean age of 52 years). Smoking history was obtained in 1975, 1981, and 1986. The mean life-long smoking dose of the smoking cotwins was 20 package-years. The smoking and nonsmoking cotwins had similar systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total plasma cholesterol level, body mass index, and some psychosocial factors; the only difference was found in use of alcohol, which was greater among smoking cotwins. Duplex sonography of carotid arteries was performed. Carotid artery stenoses (narrowing of area of the lumen with 15-60%o) were found in nine pairs: in nine smoking twins and in two of their nonsmoking cotwins (p=0036). The total area of carotid plaques was 3.2 times larger in smoking cotwins (p<0.001). The thickness of the inner layer of carotid arteries was more marked in smoking cotwins (p<0.001). The size of plaques and the degree of inner layer thickening correlated with the dose of smoking (NS). The association of smoking with carotid arteriosclerosis was highly significant even after the adjustment for age, total plasma cholesterol level, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index in multiple logistic regression analyses. (Circulation 1989;80:10-16) S moking is associated with arteriosclerotic lesions. The relation has been most consistently shown in the abdominal aorta and in major arteries of the lower limbs, but in coronary arteries, the relation has been less consistently shown.4,9-11 There are only a few reports on the relation between smoking and atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries.12 In contrast to other epidemiologic evidence, studies of smoking-discordant twin pairs have not shown differences in manifest coronary heart disease in the smoking and nonsmoking cotwins.'3-19 These findings have suggested to critics that the association of smoking and coronary heart disease is noncausal.20-22 Studies of mortality among smoking-discordant pairs found only a slightly increased risk of death in the smoking cotwin compared with the nonsmoking cotwin.7,23 There-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid arteriosclerosis in identical twins discordant for cigarette smoking.

et al. 1989

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“…18 In addition, apo B was found to be significantly affected by occupation, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and obesity. 19 Apo B is strongly influenced by lifestyle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of Serum Apolipoprotein Concentrations in Middle-Aged Japanese Twins

Cai

Hayakawa

Nishihara

et al. 2009

Journal of Epidemiology

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BackgroundStudies of the genetic and environmental influences on apolipoproteins have been conducted, but few have used data from Japanese twins. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the genetic and environmental causes of individual differences in the serum concentrations of apolipoproteins in Japanese middle-aged twins.MethodsApo A-I, apo A-II, apo B, apo C-II, apo C-III, and apo E were studied. A total of 142 twin pairs, aged 45 through 65 years, were enrolled: 85 monozygotic pairs (59 male, 26 female) and 57 same-sexed dizygotic pairs (43 male, 14 female). The intraclass correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to estimate the best-fitting model and heritability.ResultsSixteen percent to 75% of the total variances of apo A-I, apo C-II, and apo C-III were attributable to genetic influence; apo A-I and apo C-II were influenced by dominant genetic factors. Twenty percent to 73% of the total variances of apo A-II, apo B, and apo E were attributable to additive genetic influence; apo B was clearly influenced by common environmental factors. Furthermore, the heritability of all apolipoproteins was higher among females than among males.ConclusionsGenetic factors, including additive genetic effects (A) and dominant effects (D), influence apolipoprotein levels. However, a common environment does not influence the variances of these apolipoproteins, with the exception of apo B. Furthermore, the heritability of apolipoprotein phenotypes differs by sex.

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“…This classification methodology is known to be 95% accurate in determining twin zygosity. 21 , 22 This study was approved by the Osaka University Ethical Review Committee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Genetic Factors Influence Hand Strength, Processing Speed, and Working Memory

Ogata

Kato

Honda

et al. 2014

Journal of Epidemiology

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BackgroundIt is important to detect cognitive decline at an early stage, especially before onset of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Processing speed and working memory are aspects of cognitive function that are associated with cognitive decline. Hand strength is an inexpensive, easily measurable indicator of cognitive decline. However, associations between hand strength, processing speed, and working memory have not been studied. In addition, the genetic and environmental structure of the association between hand strength and cognitive decline is unclear. We investigated phenotypic associations between hand strength, processing speed, and working memory and examined the genetic and environmental structure of the associations between phenotypes.MethodsHand strength, processing speed (digit symbol performance), and working memory (digit span performance) were examined in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify phenotypic associations, and structural equation modeling was used to investigate the genetic and environmental structure of the association.ResultsGeneralized estimating equations showed that hand strength was phenotypically associated with digit symbol performance but not with digit span performance. Structural equation modeling showed that common genetic factors influenced hand strength and digit symbol and digit span performance.ConclusionsThere was a phenotypic association between hand strength and processing speed. In addition, some genetic factors were common to hand strength, processing speed, and working memory.

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Lifestyle factors affecting intrapair differences of serum apoproteins and cholesterol concentrations in adult identical twins

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Carotid arteriosclerosis in identical twins discordant for cigarette smoking.

Carotid arteriosclerosis in identical twins discordant for cigarette smoking.

Heritability of Serum Apolipoprotein Concentrations in Middle-Aged Japanese Twins

Common Genetic Factors Influence Hand Strength, Processing Speed, and Working Memory

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