Common Genetic Factors Influence Hand Strength, Processing Speed, and Working Memory

Ogata, Soshiro; Kato, Kenji; Honda, Chika; Hayakawa, Kayoko

doi:10.2188/jea.je20130070

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our method employed a Bayesian hierarchical statistical approach and used a cognitive decision-making model to separate out different sources of variability in data. While previous studies made the simple assumption that observed heritability in response time is attributable solely to heritability in the speed of mental processing (Beaujean, 2005;Finkel & Pedersen, 2004;Kochunov et al, 2016;Luciano et al, 2001;Ogata et al, 2014;Posthuma et al, 2002;Vernon, 1989), we found greater genetic contribution to response caution than to underlying cognitive speed within the memory task assessed. Our results fall in line with the previous findings of Engelhardt et al (2016), who used psychometric testing to show that a strong genetic component exists within executive functions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Analysis of data from twins has supported the notion that there are heritable components to both general cognitive processes (e.g., intelligence) and the cognitive processes that underpin them (e.g., processing speed: Beaujean, 2005;Finkel & Pedersen, 2004;Kochunov et al, 2016;Luciano et al, 2001;Ogata, Kato, Honda, & Hayakawa, 2014;Posthuma, Mulder, Boomsma, & De Geus, 2002;Vernon, 1989). However, a limitation of the work so far is an untested assumption that response time is a pure reflection of underlying cognitive processing speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modeling the Covariance Structure of Complex Datasets Using Cognitive Models: An Application to Individual Differences and the Heritability of Cognitive Ability

Evans¹,

Steyvers

Brown³

2018

Cognitive Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding individual differences in cognitive performance is an important part of understanding how variations in underlying cognitive processes can result in variations in task performance. However, the exploration of individual differences in the components of the decision process-such as cognitive processing speed, response caution, and motor execution speed-in previous research has been limited. Here, we assess the heritability of the components of the decision process, with heritability having been a common aspect of individual differences research within other areas of cognition. Importantly, a limitation of previous work on cognitive heritability is the underlying assumption that variability in response times solely reflects variability in the speed of cognitive processing. This assumption has been problematic in other domains, due to the confounding effects of caution and motor execution speed on observed response times. We extend a cognitive model of decision-making to account for relatedness structure in a twin study paradigm. This approach can separately quantify different contributions to the heritability of response time. Using data from the Human Connectome Project, we find strong evidence for the heritability of response caution, and more ambiguous evidence for the heritability of cognitive processing speed and motor execution speed. Our study suggests that the assumption made in previous studies-that the heritability of cognitive ability is based on cognitive processing speed-may be incorrect. More generally, our methodology provides a useful avenue for future research in complex data that aims to analyze cognitive traits across different sources of related data, whether the relation is between people, tasks, experimental phases, or methods of measurement.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Covariance Structure of Complex Datasets Using Cognitive Models: An Application to Individual Differences and the Heritability of Cognitive Ability

Evans¹,

Steyvers

Brown³

2018

Cognitive Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…h 2 SNP for the mean response accuracy in the 2-back alone (that is, without correction for 0-back performance) and the false-response corrected d-prime condition were 31% with s.e.=0.138; P -value=0.006 and s.e.=0.140; P -value=0.01, respectively. Due to several reports linking processing speed to WM-related cognitive abilities, 25 , 26 we also investigated heritability of the mean reaction time in the 2-back condition ( h 2 SNP : 24% s.e.=0.142; P -value=0.04). A descriptive analysis of correlations between phenotypes shows strong intercorrelations between the three accuracy-related 2-back WM phenotypes ( r 2 >0.65), whereas correlation coefficients between the mean reaction time in the 2-back condition and the WM phenotypes are negligible ( r 2 <0.01) by means of shared phenotypic variance ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial SNP-based heritability estimates for working memory performance

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Working memory (WM) is an important endophenotype in neuropsychiatric research and its use in genetic association studies is thought to be a promising approach to increase our understanding of psychiatric disease. As for any genetically complex trait, demonstration of sufficient heritability within the specific study context is a prerequisite for conducting genetic studies of that trait. Recently developed methods allow estimating trait heritability using sets of common genetic markers from genome-wide association study (GWAS) data in samples of unrelated individuals. Here we present single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability estimates (h2SNP) for a WM phenotype. A Caucasian sample comprising a total of N=2298 healthy and young individuals was subjected to an N-back WM task. We calculated the genetic relationship between all individuals on the basis of genome-wide SNP data and performed restricted maximum likelihood analyses for variance component estimation to derive the h2SNP estimates. Heritability estimates for three 2-back derived WM performance measures based on all autosomal chromosomes ranged between 31 and 41%, indicating a substantial SNP-based heritability for WM traits. These results indicate that common genetic factors account for a prominent part of the phenotypic variation in WM performance. Hence, the application of GWAS on WM phenotypes is a valid method to identify the molecular underpinnings of WM.

show abstract

“…A number of epidemiologic prospective studies have demonstrated an inverse association between late-life handgrip strength and cognitive function in elderly populations. [34][35][36][37] A scoping review revealed a clear relationship between lower handgrip strength and the progression of cognitive decline. 17 Likewise, lower late-life handgrip strength has been reported to be significantly associated with a greater risk of total dementia in several prospective studies of the elderly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline in Handgrip Strength From Midlife to Late-Life is Associated With Dementia in a Japanese Community: The Hisayama Study

Hatabe

Shibata

Ohara

et al. 2020

Journal of Epidemiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The association between decline in handgrip strength from midlife to late life and dementia is unclear. Methods: Japanese community-dwellers without dementia aged 60 to 79 years (ie, individuals in late life; mean age, 68 years) were followed for 24 years (1988-2012) (n = 1,055); 835 of them had participated in a health examination in 1973-1974 (mean age, 53 years), and these earlier data were used for the midlife analysis. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we estimated the risk conferred by a decline in handgrip strength over a 15-year period (1973-74 to 1988) from midlife to late life on the development of total dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) over the late-life follow-up period from 1988 to 2012. Results: During the follow-up, 368 subjects experienced total dementia. The age-and sex-adjusted incidence of total dementia increased significantly with greater decline in handgrip strength (increased or unchanged handgrip strength [≥+0%] 25.1, mildly decreased [−14 to −1%] 28.4, and severely decreased [≤−15%] 38.9 per 1,000 person-years). A greater decline in handgrip strength was significantly associated with higher risk of total dementia after adjusting for potential confounding factors; subjects with severely decreased handgrip strength had 1.51-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.99, P < 0.01) increased risk of total dementia compared to those with increased or unchanged handgrip strength. Similar significant findings were observed for AD, but not for VaD. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a greater decline in handgrip strength from midlife to late life is an important indicator for late-life onset of dementia.

show abstract

Common Genetic Factors Influence Hand Strength, Processing Speed, and Working Memory

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Modeling the Covariance Structure of Complex Datasets Using Cognitive Models: An Application to Individual Differences and the Heritability of Cognitive Ability

Modeling the Covariance Structure of Complex Datasets Using Cognitive Models: An Application to Individual Differences and the Heritability of Cognitive Ability

Substantial SNP-based heritability estimates for working memory performance

Decline in Handgrip Strength From Midlife to Late-Life is Associated With Dementia in a Japanese Community: The Hisayama Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About