Life history and assessment of grapevine phylloxera leaf galling incidence on Vitis species in Uruguay

Abstract

Grapevine phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) is a worldwide pest of Vitis species. It has forms that feed on leaves and roots. Root forms predominate on Vitis vinifera (L.) cultivars, while leaf forms predominate on Vitis species from its native American range. Recently, high densities of D. vitifoliae infestations in leaves of V. vinifera in Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay have been reported. The aims of this study were to determine the seasonal development of grape phylloxera, quantify infestation levels on V. vinifera leaves, and compare them with infestation levels on leaves of a rootstock of American origin. Studies were conducted in two vineyards in Uruguay from 2004–2007. Terminal shoots of 3309 C and Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Tannat, Viognier, grafted onto resistant rootstock, were sampled weekly and leaves examined for gall presence and insect life stage. First galls were detected in early October; eggs began to appear within two weeks. Two oviposition peaks occurred by the end of December, and they coincided with bursts of shoot growth. On 3309C rootstock, oviposition peaks were more frequent than on the European cultivars. Based on thermal accumulation, D. vitifoliae could complete eight generations a year in Uruguay. Rootstock 3309C suffered the greatest damage but in some cases was similar to the European cultivars. Damage to Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Viognier were also high. There were no galls on Tannat. The 2005–2006 season was characterized by low infestation rates caused by a prolonged drought that affected vegetative growth. There were also differences between vineyards, where the vigorous plants suffering more damage. Leaf galling phylloxera incidence and damage were mainly associated to the cultivar but plant vigor and environmental factors also contributed to increase the incidence.

No evidence of superclones in leaf-feeding forms of austrian grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae)

“…If superclones could evolve in this habitats it may be more likely for them to invade adjacent vineyards where they may feed on partially resistant leaves and initiate new populations. These incidents have been observed in recent years (Müller 2010;Koennecke et al 2011;Vidart et al 2013) however genotypic studies are still underway.…”

Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliaeFitch) in Argentina: ecological associations to diversity, population structure and reproductive mode

“…In its native range, phylloxera feeds mostly on the leaves, producing abnormal tissue growth and tumour‐like gall structures. In contrast, in Eurasian V. vinifera , feeding is predominantly on the roots, and the leaves are usually not attacked, although it has been observed feeding on leaves in Europe and some South American countries (Vidart et al , Professor M.A. Walker, unpublished data, 2006).…”

Quantitative trait loci identified for foliar phylloxera resistance in a hybrid grape population

“…In V. vinifera , feeding is generally restricted to new roots as well as lignified root tissues subjecting the host to secondary infections and resulting in vine decline or death. Although galls rarely form on vinifera leaves, some evidence of galling on vinifera leaves was found in the major European grapegrowing regions, such as France and Italy (Granett et al ) and Hungary (Granett and Kocsis , Gyorffyne Molnar et al ), and in Uruguay (Vidart et al ).…”