Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of renewable gas technologies: A comparative review

Kolb, Sebastian; Plankenbühler, Thomas; Hofmann, Katharina; Bergerson, Joule; Karl, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111147

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…The required SN ranges and the POG compositions (see Table 1) highlight that BFG and BOFG must be enriched in hydrogen before the syntheses. The amount of required hydrogen is significant, and green hydrogen production (e.g., through polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis powered by green electricity) is fundamental to achieve GHG emission reduction [49][50][51].…”

Section: State-of-the-art Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorizing Steelworks Gases by Coupling Novel Methane and Methanol Synthesis Reactors with an Economic Hybrid Model Predictive Controller

Hauser

Wolf-Zoellner

Haag

et al. 2022

Metals

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To achieve the greenhouse gas reduction targets formulated in the European Green Deal, energy- and resource-intensive industries such as the steel industry will have to adapt or convert their production. In the long term, new technologies are promising. However, carbon capture storage and utilization solutions could be considered as short-term retrofitting solutions for existing steelworks. In this context, this paper presents a first experimental demonstration of an approach to the utilization of process off-gases generated in a steelworks by producing methane and methanol in hydrogen-intensified syntheses. Specifically, the integration of two methane synthesis reactors and one methanol synthesis reactor into a steel plant is experimentally simulated. An innovative monitoring and control tool, namely, a dispatch controller, simulates the process off-gas production using a digital twin of the steel plant and optimizes its distribution to existing and new consumers. The operating states/modes of the three reactors resulting from the optimization problem to be solved by the dispatch controller are distributed in real time via an online OPC UA connection to the corresponding experimental plants or their operators and applied there in a decentralized manner. The live coupling test showed that operating values for the different systems can be distributed in parallel from the dispatch controller to the test rigs via the established communication structure without loss. The calculation of a suitable control strategy is performed with a time resolution of one minute, taking into account the three reactors and the relevant steelworks components. Two of each of the methane/methanol synthesis reactors were operated error-free at one time for 10 and 7 h, respectively, with datasets provided by the dispatch controller. All three reactor systems were able to react quickly and stably to dynamic changes in the load or feed gas composition. Consistently high conversions and yields were achieved with low by-product formation.

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Section: State-of-the-art Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorizing Steelworks Gases by Coupling Novel Methane and Methanol Synthesis Reactors with an Economic Hybrid Model Predictive Controller

Hauser

Wolf-Zoellner

Haag

et al. 2022

Metals

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“…This is because of the potentially large discrepancy in the configuration of NG extraction facilities and the distance needed for NG transport. 37 The manufacturing phase adds to the uncertainty in life cycle emissions of PAFC, originating from uncertainty in emissions from platinum mining. ll Article When calculating indirect emissions of coal power generation, an assumption that the distance of coal transport is the same for all CFPPs across China was made, leading to uncertainties in life cycle emissions for CFPPs with different coal transport distances.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment shows that retrofitting coal-fired power plants with fuel cells will substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions

et al. 2022

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“…16 For this reason, Power-to-Gas is a promising technology to substitute fossil natural gas over the upcoming decades. 17,18 Biological methanation converts the reactants to methane using Archaea microorganisms. 19 They are present in the liquid phase, absorb the solutes H 2 and CO 2 , and catalyze the exothermic hydrogenation of CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, large amounts of methane can be introduced into the gas grid infrastructure with its high storage capacity and potential for energy sector coupling . For this reason, Power-to-Gas is a promising technology to substitute fossil natural gas over the upcoming decades. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Two-Model CFD Simulation of Trickle Bed Reactors with Head-Sump Extension: Case Study on Hydrodynamics and Biological Methanation

Markthaler

Plankenbühler

Miederer

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Trickle bed reactors are one of the world's most employed technologies for multiphase processing, and they have been scrutinized for decades. However, accurate prediction and scale-up of trickle bed reactors are still challenging owing to complex interactions of multiphase flow, interfacial mass transfer, and reaction kinetics. The present computational model provides an insight into process phenomena on the basis of Eulerian−Eulerian methodology. It captures all parts of a trickle bed reactorpacking, head, and sumpwhich enables simulation of co-and countercurrent flow, gas or liquid recycle, and arbitrary retention time. Applying this model, hydrodynamic simulations reveal an improved prediction of liquid holdup, liquid dispersion, and pressure drop compared to CFD models of only the trickle bed. Furthermore, the interfacial surface area is analyzed and validated on account of a literature correlation. Exemplifying the entire approach with chemical absorption and reaction, the simulation of biological methanation presents methane concentration and productivity which are of the same order of magnitude as experimental data for an operating pressure of p op = 0.1−1 MPa abs .

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Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of renewable gas technologies: A comparative review

Cited by 38 publications

References 173 publications

Valorizing Steelworks Gases by Coupling Novel Methane and Methanol Synthesis Reactors with an Economic Hybrid Model Predictive Controller

Valorizing Steelworks Gases by Coupling Novel Methane and Methanol Synthesis Reactors with an Economic Hybrid Model Predictive Controller

Life cycle assessment shows that retrofitting coal-fired power plants with fuel cells will substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Combined Two-Model CFD Simulation of Trickle Bed Reactors with Head-Sump Extension: Case Study on Hydrodynamics and Biological Methanation

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