Life cycle greenhouse gas emission reduction potential of battery electric vehicle

Wu, Zhixin; Wang, Michael; Zheng, Jihu; Sun, Xin; Zhao, Mingnan; Wang, Xue

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.036

Cited by 180 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, many components of EVs (e.g., electronics, magnets and batteries) embed critical raw materials. In this way, experts have started to assess the positive environmental impact associated with EV recycling (as a more sustainable alternative than landfilling), both in terms of GHG emissions reduction [20], electricity mix generation technologies [96], secondary resources recovery (specifically REEs [97], critical metals [12] and lithium [98]) and policy measures that ensure the availability of materials [33].…”

Section: Ev Environmental Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Structured Literature Review on Obsolete Electric Vehicles Management Practices

D’Adamo

Rosa

2019

Sustainability

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The use of electricity for transportation needs offers the chance to replace fossil fuels with greener energy sources. Potentially, coupling sustainable transports with Renewable Energies (RE) could reduce significantly both Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and the dependency on oil imports. However, the expected growth rate of Electric Vehicles (EVs) could become also a potential risk for the environment if recycling processes will continue to function in the current way. To this aim, the paper reviews the international literature on obsolete EV management practices, by considering scientific works published from 2000 up to 2019. Results show that the experts have paid great attention to this topic, given both the critical and valuable materials embedded in EVs and their main components (especially traction batteries), by offering interesting potential profits, and identifying the most promising End-of-Life (EoL) strategy for recycling both in technological and environmental terms. However, the economics of EV recycling systems have not yet been well quantified. The intent of this work is to enhance the current literature gaps and to propose future research streams.

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Section: Ev Environmental Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Structured Literature Review on Obsolete Electric Vehicles Management Practices

D’Adamo

Rosa

2019

Sustainability

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“…The selected functional unit was 1 km driven by a medium-sized passenger car characterized by a lifespan of 150,000 km. Life lengths of vehicles can vary largely according to the specific characteristics of different models, but the assumed lifespan value is widely used as a reference for LCA studies of small-to medium-sized passenger cars [4,14,18,19,22]. A detailed description of the modeling assumptions for each life cycle stage is given in the following sections.…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessment Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to energy production and consumption, the use of vehicles is identified as the most relevant life cycle phase regarding the majority of environmental impact indicators considered, both for ICEVs-for which also the effects of lightweighting strategies are analyzed-and the different types of EVs [14][15][16][17]. Moreover, the impact reduction potential of EVs is estimated as gradually increasing with the optimization of the electricity mix (renewable energies penetration) and the wide application of advanced electricity technologies [18][19][20][21]. The disposal phase was found to have a minor influence on the total environmental burdens [22], even if different recycling technologies for the end-of-life of the vehicle could significantly differ in terms of impact [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic Simulation-Based Approach for A Cradle-to-Grave Greenhouse Gases Emission Model

et al. 2019

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This paper presents a model to evaluate the life cycle greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, expressed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 eq), of a generic fleet composition as a function of the traffic simulation results. First we evaluated the complete life cycle of each category of the vehicles currently circulating; next, by defining a general linear equation, the traffic environmental performances of a real road network (city of Rome) were evaluated using a traffic simulation approach. Finally, the proposed methodology was applied to evaluate the GHG emission of a 100% penetration of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and various electric and conventional vehicles composition scenarios. In terms of life cycle impacts, BEVs are the vehicles with the highest GHG emissions at the vehicle level (construction + maintenance + end-of-life processes) that are, on average, 20% higher than internal combustion engine vehicles, and 6.5% higher than hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Nevertheless, a 100% BEVs penetration scenario generates a reduction of the environmental impact at the mobility system level of about 65%.

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“…In addition, an electric vehicle has zero emission of carbon dioxide and other tailpipe pollutants as well as less maintenance, smooth operation and stronger acceleration compared to the internal combustion engine vehicles. A study of life cycle greenhouse gas emission reduction potentials of a battery in electric vehicles by Wu et al [19] revealed that the total life cycle greenhouse gas reduction potential of the electric vehicle is dependent on an optimized electricity mix, advances in electricity generation technology and the increase in combined heat and power scale. Since there is an increasing awareness and demand for electric vehicles, it becomes necessary to determine the total cost associated with the entire life cycle of the electric vehicle which will help stakeholders and investors in the decision-making process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Electric Vehicles: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Ayodele

Mustapa

2020

Sustainability

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The transportation sector has been reported as a key contributor to the emissions of greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. Hence, the need for the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) into the transportation sector. However, the competitiveness of the EVs with the conventional internal combustion engine vehicles has been a bone of contention. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is an important tool that can be employed to determine the competitiveness of a product in its early stage of production. This review examines different published articles on LCCA of EVs using Scopus and Web of Science databases. The time trend of the published articles from 2001 to 2019 was examined. Moreover, the LCC obtained from the different models of EVs were compared. There was a growing interest in research on the LCC of EVs as indicated by the upward increase in the number of published articles. A variation in the LCC of the different EVs studied was observed to depend on several factors. Based on the LCC, EVs were found not yet competitive with conventional internal combustion engine cars due to the high cost of batteries. However, advancement in technologies with incentives could bring down the cost of EV batteries to make it competitive in the future.

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Life cycle greenhouse gas emission reduction potential of battery electric vehicle

Cited by 180 publications

References 12 publications

A Structured Literature Review on Obsolete Electric Vehicles Management Practices

A Structured Literature Review on Obsolete Electric Vehicles Management Practices

Traffic Simulation-Based Approach for A Cradle-to-Grave Greenhouse Gases Emission Model

Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Electric Vehicles: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis

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