Life cycle assessment of nutrient recycling from wastewater: A critical review

Assessing the environmental behavior of alternative fertigation methods in soilless systems: The case of Phaseolus vulgaris with struvite and rhizobia inoculation

“…Even further, the environmental benefit of the removal of these nutrients from urban waterbodies should be taken into account as well. As described before, the generation of struvite has requirements but removes potential water and air emissions from WWTP (Ishii and Boyer, 2015a;Igos et al, 2017;Lam, Zlatanović and van der Hoek, 2020). While this last benefit has not been taken into account for this study, the further use of struvite as fertilizer and the consequent fertilization offset accounting have, and can be well observed in these results with the emission reductions in almost all IC.…”

“…Recent work has been focused on the recovery of nutrients from wastewater treatment plants (Harder et al, 2019;Lam, Zlatanović and van der Hoek, 2020;Shaddel et al, 2020), showing a great range of possible alternatives for fertilization generated in urban areas as well as their constraints. One of the available options showing great potential for its use in agriculture, is struvite.…”

“…The environmental performance of the struvite extraction as P fertilizer has been previously studied (Ishii and Boyer, 2015) and while its benefits in comparison to virgin phosphorous have been identified in the reduction of nutrient emissions and offsets commercial fertilizer production, its total environmental performance depends on the chemical inputs used for the struvite precipitation as well as the infrastructure and the recovery accounted in the life cycle inventory (Linderholm, Tillman and Mattsson, 2012;Ishii and Boyer, 2015;Lam, Zlatanović and van der Hoek, 2020).…”

Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19

“…To make it easier for farmers to get the excreta, some cesspools were built on the open next to the shelter. As described in available researches ( Heinonen-Tanski and van Wijk-Sijbesma, 2005 ; Lam et al, 2020a ; Mamera et al, 2020 ), human urine and feces as fertilizer could meet the needs of plants for potassium and phosphorus, and improve soil structure, and using human excreta as fertilizer is free, which leads to the villagers like to use excreta as fertilizer. Through surveying 27 villages in Jiangxi and Hubei provinces by contacting the village committees through phone, email and WeChat, it was found that about 0%–60% (31% on average) of rural households used the excreta directly from the pit latrines as crop fertilizer in recent 3 years.…”

Life Cycle Assessment of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Processes Regarding Energy Production from the Sludge Line

“…LCA allows us to compare different systems, products, and processes regarding the production and self-usage of energy and the extraction of the raw materials included in various treatment unit combinations [4] to find the best process scenario available [5]. Since the 1990s, different WWT topics have been examined in several previous LCA studies [6]: plant modifications and operations [7][8][9][10][11][12], modeling [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], sludge processes [11,[20][21][22], greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [4,23,24], rainfall impact [6,25], and uncertainty [5,[26][27][28].…”