Lids, Conjunctiva, and Lacrimal Apparatus

Dawson, Chandler R.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1975.01010020732013

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 101 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Jones et al (4) have called this complex of chlamydial and bacterial infection "communicable ophthalmia," and the commonest organisms are the Haemophilus species, S. pneumoniae, and Moraxella sp. (2,9). Indeed, some authors have suggested that trachoma in the absence of bacterial conjunctivitis rarely leads to major visual loss (9) and that one of the main mechanisms of action of topical chemotherapy for severe endemic trachoma is the suppression of seasonal epidemics of acute bacterial conjunctivitis (6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In endemic human trachoma, episodes of bacterial conjunctival infection are generally believed to produce more intense inflammation and trachoma of increased severity, with an increased risk of blindness (2,4). Although eyes persistently inflammed by chronic chlamydial infection may be more susceptible to chronic bacterial infection, the most florid bacterial conjunctivitis occurs in acute seasonal epidemics which sweep through trachomatous areas (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma

Taylor¹,

Kolarczyk²,

Johnson³

et al. 1984

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In trachoma the interaction between chronic chlamydial and acute bacterial conjuntivitis has been suggested as important in determining the severity of disease and, therefore, blindness. We investigated the effect of acute conjunctival infection with each of three common human pathogens, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus aegyptius , and Streptococcus pneumoniae, in a model of trachoma established in cynomolgus monkeys. Although acute conjunctivitis developed, animals with trachoma were not more susceptible to infection than other monkeys, nor did they develop more severe disease as a result of the bacterial conjunctivitis. The failure of bacterial conjunctivitis to exacerbate the experimental trachoma indicates that, in this model at least, chronically maintained chlamydial infection alone is sufficient to produce the changes characteristic of trachoma.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma

Taylor¹,

Kolarczyk²,

Johnson³

et al. 1984

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the causative agent has been well studied, the pathogenesis and extent of tissue involvement of trachoma are not well understood [21]. There is convincing evidence, however, that the inflammation involves not only the full thickness of the eyelid, but also periocular and orbital structures including the lacrimal drainage system and the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity; inflammation of lacrimal gland ductules has also been reported [22]. Although active trachoma has never been documented within lacrimal gland tissue, it is unreasonable to assume that this periorbital structure would be spared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Azithromycinin Rabbit Lacrimal Glands and Conjunctiv a

Karcioglu

Ahmed²,

Raines³

et al. 1998

Ophthalmic Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose and Background: To measure azithromycin levels in rabbit lacrimal and Harder glands, conjunctiva and plasma after a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg. Drug levels in lacrimal gland tissue are significant in trachoma because the gland may be involved in the disease process and it is the source of tears by which the drug is carried to the external eye. Methods: Lacrimal and Harder glands, conjunctiva and plasma were collected from New Zealand white female rabbits at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 144 h following a single oral dose of azithromycin (20 mg/kg). Azithromycin levels in tissue and plasma were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrochemical detection. Results: Azithromycin levels peaked within the first 24 h in all tissues and plasma assayed. The highest concentration was in the lacrimal gland (6.2 µg/g, SD ± 0.8), followed by Harder gland (4.4 µg/g, SD ± 0.8), conjunctiva (0.9 µg/g, SD ± 0.5) and plasma (0.06 µg/g, SD ± 0.03). These concentrations reached their lowest measured levels at 120 and 144 h. Conclusion: Azithromycin levels measured throughout the 144 h after dosing were consistently above the minimum inhibitory range (MIC) for Chlamydia trachomatis (0.03–0.25 µg/ml) in the lacrimal glands, while the conjunctiva maintained a concentration above the MIC for 96 h and stayed within MIC levels for 144 h.

show abstract

“…Die Konjunktivitis als Hauptsymptom einer rheumatischen Erkrankung ist beim Morbus Reiter anzutreffen. Klinisch besteht das Bild einer katarrhalischen beidseitigen Konjunktivitis, die auf einer papi11ären Hypertrophie der Bindehaut infolge einer Epithelzellvermehrung und einer Stromahyperplasie beruht (Dawson, 1975…”

Section: Konjunktivaunclassified