Lids, Conjunctiva, and Lacrimal Apparatus

Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma

“…Jones et al (4) have called this complex of chlamydial and bacterial infection "communicable ophthalmia," and the commonest organisms are the Haemophilus species, S. pneumoniae, and Moraxella sp. (2,9). Indeed, some authors have suggested that trachoma in the absence of bacterial conjunctivitis rarely leads to major visual loss (9) and that one of the main mechanisms of action of topical chemotherapy for severe endemic trachoma is the suppression of seasonal epidemics of acute bacterial conjunctivitis (6).…”

“…In endemic human trachoma, episodes of bacterial conjunctival infection are generally believed to produce more intense inflammation and trachoma of increased severity, with an increased risk of blindness (2,4). Although eyes persistently inflammed by chronic chlamydial infection may be more susceptible to chronic bacterial infection, the most florid bacterial conjunctivitis occurs in acute seasonal epidemics which sweep through trachomatous areas (2).…”

Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma

“…Jones et al (4) have called this complex of chlamydial and bacterial infection "communicable ophthalmia," and the commonest organisms are the Haemophilus species, S. pneumoniae, and Moraxella sp. (2,9). Indeed, some authors have suggested that trachoma in the absence of bacterial conjunctivitis rarely leads to major visual loss (9) and that one of the main mechanisms of action of topical chemotherapy for severe endemic trachoma is the suppression of seasonal epidemics of acute bacterial conjunctivitis (6).…”

“…In endemic human trachoma, episodes of bacterial conjunctival infection are generally believed to produce more intense inflammation and trachoma of increased severity, with an increased risk of blindness (2,4). Although eyes persistently inflammed by chronic chlamydial infection may be more susceptible to chronic bacterial infection, the most florid bacterial conjunctivitis occurs in acute seasonal epidemics which sweep through trachomatous areas (2).…”

Multiple Chlamydiaceae Species in Trachoma: Implications for Disease Pathogenesis and Control

“…There are few data for C. psittaci . Ocular infections with avian strains of C. psittaci required long-term topical and systemic treatment of up to 10 wk for eradication [ 30 , 86 ]. Other reports have described the need for 3 to 10 wk of treatment for ocular infection with non- C. trachomatis species [ 32 , 87 , 88 ].…”

Pharmacokinetics of Azithromycinin Rabbit Lacrimal Glands and Conjunctiv a

“…Although the causative agent has been well studied, the pathogenesis and extent of tissue involvement of trachoma are not well understood [21]. There is convincing evidence, however, that the inflammation involves not only the full thickness of the eyelid, but also periocular and orbital structures including the lacrimal drainage system and the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity; inflammation of lacrimal gland ductules has also been reported [22]. Although active trachoma has never been documented within lacrimal gland tissue, it is unreasonable to assume that this periorbital structure would be spared.…”

Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma

“…Jones et al (4) have called this complex of chlamydial and bacterial infection "communicable ophthalmia," and the commonest organisms are the Haemophilus species, S. pneumoniae, and Moraxella sp. (2,9). Indeed, some authors have suggested that trachoma in the absence of bacterial conjunctivitis rarely leads to major visual loss (9) and that one of the main mechanisms of action of topical chemotherapy for severe endemic trachoma is the suppression of seasonal epidemics of acute bacterial conjunctivitis (6).…”

“…In endemic human trachoma, episodes of bacterial conjunctival infection are generally believed to produce more intense inflammation and trachoma of increased severity, with an increased risk of blindness (2,4). Although eyes persistently inflammed by chronic chlamydial infection may be more susceptible to chronic bacterial infection, the most florid bacterial conjunctivitis occurs in acute seasonal epidemics which sweep through trachomatous areas (2).…”

Multiple Chlamydiaceae Species in Trachoma: Implications for Disease Pathogenesis and Control

“…There are few data for C. psittaci . Ocular infections with avian strains of C. psittaci required long-term topical and systemic treatment of up to 10 wk for eradication [ 30 , 86 ]. Other reports have described the need for 3 to 10 wk of treatment for ocular infection with non- C. trachomatis species [ 32 , 87 , 88 ].…”

Pharmacokinetics of Azithromycinin Rabbit Lacrimal Glands and Conjunctiv a

“…Although the causative agent has been well studied, the pathogenesis and extent of tissue involvement of trachoma are not well understood [21]. There is convincing evidence, however, that the inflammation involves not only the full thickness of the eyelid, but also periocular and orbital structures including the lacrimal drainage system and the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity; inflammation of lacrimal gland ductules has also been reported [22]. Although active trachoma has never been documented within lacrimal gland tissue, it is unreasonable to assume that this periorbital structure would be spared.…”

Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma

“…Jones et al (4) have called this complex of chlamydial and bacterial infection "communicable ophthalmia," and the commonest organisms are the Haemophilus species, S. pneumoniae, and Moraxella sp. (2,9). Indeed, some authors have suggested that trachoma in the absence of bacterial conjunctivitis rarely leads to major visual loss (9) and that one of the main mechanisms of action of topical chemotherapy for severe endemic trachoma is the suppression of seasonal epidemics of acute bacterial conjunctivitis (6).…”

“…In endemic human trachoma, episodes of bacterial conjunctival infection are generally believed to produce more intense inflammation and trachoma of increased severity, with an increased risk of blindness (2,4). Although eyes persistently inflammed by chronic chlamydial infection may be more susceptible to chronic bacterial infection, the most florid bacterial conjunctivitis occurs in acute seasonal epidemics which sweep through trachomatous areas (2).…”

Multiple Chlamydiaceae Species in Trachoma: Implications for Disease Pathogenesis and Control

“…There are few data for C. psittaci . Ocular infections with avian strains of C. psittaci required long-term topical and systemic treatment of up to 10 wk for eradication [ 30 , 86 ]. Other reports have described the need for 3 to 10 wk of treatment for ocular infection with non- C. trachomatis species [ 32 , 87 , 88 ].…”

Pharmacokinetics of Azithromycinin Rabbit Lacrimal Glands and Conjunctiv a

“…Although the causative agent has been well studied, the pathogenesis and extent of tissue involvement of trachoma are not well understood [21]. There is convincing evidence, however, that the inflammation involves not only the full thickness of the eyelid, but also periocular and orbital structures including the lacrimal drainage system and the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity; inflammation of lacrimal gland ductules has also been reported [22]. Although active trachoma has never been documented within lacrimal gland tissue, it is unreasonable to assume that this periorbital structure would be spared.…”