Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma

Taylor, Hugh R.; Kolarczyk, R A; Johnson, Shirley; Schachter, Julius; Prendergast, Robert A.

doi:10.1128/iai.44.3.614-616.1984

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Monkeys infected with Chlamydia were no more susceptible to bacterial infection than were control monkeys, and the disease severity caused by a combined infection was similar to animals only inoculated with Chlamydia. 21 In a separate series of experiments conducted on monkeys with conjunctival scarring produced by repeated exposure to C. trachomatis, a more severe and sustained inflammatory reaction was produced by bacterial infection, compared with control animals. 21 Corneal opacification, the cause of blindness in trachoma, may result from various insults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 In a separate series of experiments conducted on monkeys with conjunctival scarring produced by repeated exposure to C. trachomatis, a more severe and sustained inflammatory reaction was produced by bacterial infection, compared with control animals. 21 Corneal opacification, the cause of blindness in trachoma, may result from various insults. Trichiasis is probably the single most important factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Infection and Trachoma in The Gambia: A Case–Control Study

Burton

Adegbola

Kinteh

et al. 2007

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Trichiasis is associated with increased risk of bacterial infection, and there may be a similar trend in eyes with conjunctival scarring. Bacterial infection of the conjunctiva is associated with inflammation, which may result in progressive scarring. Prospective studies are needed to determine the contribution of bacterial infection to disease progression. Bacterial infection probably also contributes to the development of corneal opacification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Infection and Trachoma in The Gambia: A Case–Control Study

Burton

Adegbola

Kinteh

et al. 2007

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“… 10 Inoculation of bacteria into eyes with scarring in a monkey model of trachoma caused a more marked and prolonged inflammatory reaction compared with control animals. 17 In this study, we examined whether non-chlamydial bacteria cultured from the conjunctiva were associated with progression of trachomatous scarring over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Chlamydial Bacterial Infection and Progression of Conjunctival Scarring in Trachoma

Macleod

Massae

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess whether non-chlamydial bacterial infection is associated with progression of trachomatous scarring in adults.MethodsThis was a cohort study involving 800 participants in northern Tanzania who underwent clinical examination, photography, and conjunctival swab collection for microbiology over a 24-month period. Samples for microbiology were inoculated onto blood and chocolate agar, and Chlamydia trachomatis was detected by PCR. Progression was determined by comparison of baseline to 24-month photographs.ResultsC. trachomatis was detected in only four participants at baseline. At 24 months, 617 participants (77.1%) were followed up. Of those seen at 24 months, 452 could be reliably assessed. Definite scarring progression (progressors) was seen in 345 (55.9%); there was no progression (nonprogressors) in 107 (17.3%). Using combined baseline and 12-month microbiology results, progressors had significantly higher levels of commensal and pathogenic bacterial organisms detected compared with nonprogressors. After adjusting for age, baseline scarring, and ethnicity, there was weak evidence (P = 0.07) that the bacteria category was associated with scarring progression (commensal organisms only: odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90 to 2.89; pathogenic organisms either with or without commensal: OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.10 to 5.16).ConclusionThe findings were consistent with the possibility that trachomatous scarring in adults is associated with the presence of non-chlamydial bacterial organisms, particularly pathogenic organisms. C. trachomatis was detected very infrequently and may not be an important factor in the pathogenesis of scarring progression in adults. This has implications for trachoma control programs, which largely concentrate on reducing C. trachomatis levels and transmission.

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Immunopathogenesis of Chlamydial Infections

Murthy¹,

Li²,

Ramsey

2016

Biology of Chlamydia

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Chlamydial infections lead to a number of clinically relevant diseases and induce significant morbidity in human populations. It is generally understood that certain components of the host immune response to infection also mediate such disease pathologies. A clear understanding of pathogenic mechanisms will enable us to devise better preventive and/or intervention strategies to mitigate the morbidity caused by these infections. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted to explore the immunopathogenic mechanisms of Chlamydia-induced diseases of the eye, reproductive tract, respiratory tract, and cardiovascular systems. In this article, we provide an overview of the diseases caused by Chlamydia, animal models used to study disease pathology, and a historical context to the efforts to understand chlamydial pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings regarding pathogenesis, with an emphasis on the role of the adaptive immune response in the development of chlamydial disease sequelae. Finally, we summarize the key insights obtained from studies of chlamydial pathogenesis and avenues that remain to be explored in order to inform the next steps of vaccine development against chlamydial infections.

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Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Bacterial Infection and Trachoma in The Gambia: A Case–Control Study

Bacterial Infection and Trachoma in The Gambia: A Case–Control Study

Non-Chlamydial Bacterial Infection and Progression of Conjunctival Scarring in Trachoma

Immunopathogenesis of Chlamydial Infections

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