Lichen-like colonies of pure Trentepohlia on limestone monuments

Trentepohlia umbrina on Scots pine as a bioindicator of alkaline dust pollution

“…The yearly average amount of quarried limestone in the studied quarries is as follows, 0.53 million m 3 in Väo, 0.34 million m 3 in Vasalemma, 0.25 million m 3 in Harku, and 0.16 million m 3 in Maardu (also based on period 2006Geoguide Baltoscandia, 2012). In all four quarries drilling and blasting method is used for breaking the rock; in Väo and Maardu hydraulic hammers are also in use (Geoguide Baltoscandia, 2012).…”

“…The species is known from different parts of the world, including several European countries (Guiry, 2014); in addition to tree trunks it has been mainly reported from limestone and concrete (e.g. Gaylarde et al, 2006;Rindi and Guiry, 2002;Rindi et al, 2003). To our knowledge, no direct measurements of the abundance of T. umbrina or any other Trentepohlia species in sites with different dust pollution level have been made so far.…”

Biological colonization patterns on the ruins of Angkor temples (Cambodia) in the biodeterioration vs bioprotection debate

“…However, at the same time the chemical decomposition of stone could precede a physical disintegration, and the studies of Wakefield et al (1996) of a 13th century sandstone building in Scotland and the work of Ortega-Morales et al (1999) and Gaylarde et al (2001Gaylarde et al ( , 2006 on Ancient Mayan buildings in the Yucatan (Mexico) detected a biogeochemical degradative ability for this genus.…”

Characterization of the main colonizer and biogenic pigments present in the red biofilm from La Galea Fortress sandstone by means of microscopic observations and Raman imaging

“…As examples, in China, its presence has been found on rocks throughout a valley [25], in funerary sculptures from Argentina [26], in limestone monuments from Mexico [27], and in wall paintings colonizations from Italy [28]. Only one case of Trentepohlia sandstone colonization is referred in the literature, concretely in a Buddhist temple in Cambodia [29].…”

“…material disintegration, erosion) of the monuments and discoloration of the colonized surface, due to pigment production as an adaptation to increase the resistance of the colonizers against environmental stress [26,27].…”