Lichen community from an endangered forest under different management practices in central Argentina

Abstract

Abstract:Filippini, E.R., Rodriguez, J.M. & Estrabou, C. Lichen community from an endangered forest under different management practices in central Argentina. Lazaroa 35: 55-63 (2014).We studied a lichen community from 300 ha of native Espinal forest under different types of management, classified into the following sectors: temporary grazing, adjacent crops, landscaped, and conserved. We observed 20 trees in each sector, identified lichen species and measured coverage in grids of 0.2 x 0.2 m. We compared alpha and beta diversity plus coverage by sector using the kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. We also applied a Multiple Response Permutation Procedure, a Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling multivariate analysis and the Indicator Species Analysis to test associations. We found 34 species of lichens. Physciaceae was the dominant family in the community. Total lichen coverage was highest in the temporary grazing sector and lowest in the conserved sector. No significant differences were found in alpha diversity among sectors; however, beta diversity was higher in the conserved sector. Multivariate analysis also showed that different management practices determine changes in community composition.Keywords: grazing, native forest, Physciaceae, Espinal, composition. Resumen: Filippini, E.R., Rodriguez, J.M. & Estrabou, C. Comunidad liquénica de un bosque en peligro de extinción, con diferentes situaciones de manejo en el centro de Argentina. Lazaroa 35: 55-63 (2014).Se ha estudiado la comunidad de líquenes de un bosque nativo de Espinal de 300 ha bajo diferentes tipos de manejo definidos en sectores: pastoreo temporal, cultivos adyacentes, ajardinado y conservado. Se seleccionaron 20 árboles en cada sector, identificamos todas las especies liquénicas y medimos su cobertura en grillas de 0.2 x 0.2 m. Comparamos la diversidad alfa y beta y también la cobertura por sector, usando los test de kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney U. Además aplicamos un Procedimiento de Respuesta Múltiple por Permutación, un análisis multivariado de Escalamiento Multidimensional No métrico y un Análisis Indicador de Especies para probar asociaciones. Encontramos 34 especies de líquenes. Physciaceae fue la familia dominante en la comunidad. La cobertura total de especies fue alta en el sector con pastoreo temporal y menor en el sector conservado. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la diversidad alfa entre sectores; sin embargo, la diversidad beta fue mayor en el conservado. Los análisis multivariados mostraron también que diferentes manejos determinan cambios en la composición de la comunidad.Palabras clave: pastoreo, bosque nativo, Physciaceae, Espinal, composición.

Saxicolous lichen communities in three basins associated with mining activity in northwestern Argentina

“…Morpho-anatomical and chemical analysis was performed using routine techniques. Lichen substances with chemotaxonomic value were identified using recrystallization and thin-layer chromatography techniques (Orange et al, 2001) and following keys and descriptions for genera and species (Adler, 1992;Scutari, 1992;Estrabou, 1999;Estrabou et al, 2006;Filippini et al, 2014). The nomenclature of genera and species follows Calvelo and Liberatore (2002), Lücking et al (2017), and Index Fungorum (http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp).…”

Differential Response of Epiphytic Lichen Taxa to Agricultural Land Use in a Fragmented Forest in Central Argentina

“…For each phorophyte, a grid (0.2 m x 0.2 m) subdivided into 100 cells was placed 1.5 m above the ground to identify lichen species and frequency. The grid was placed on the southwest side of the trunk since numerous studies in the region report that it is possible to capture the maximum diversity of epiphytic lichens there (Estrabou 1998;Estrabou et al, 2011;2014;Filippini et al, 2014;Quiroga et al, 2008;Rodriguez et al, 2009). Lichen species were identified using routine techniques in the field and laboratory (Aptroot et al, 2014;Elix, 2014;Estrabou et al, 2006;Filippini et al, 2015;Jungbluth et al, 2011 nomenclature was based on (Calvelo and Liberatore, 2002) and Mycobank (2019).…”

“…In consequence, grain production (mainly soybean, corn, wheat and sunflower) and cattle and pig farming the main economic activity (Viglizzo et al, 2011). Despite this, emissions from these activities are not monitored, so little is known about the effects on lichen diversity (Estrabou et al, 2011;Filippini et al, 2014).…”