LiBr · 2H2O Crystallization Inhibition in the Presence of Additives

Ring, Terry A.; Dirksen, James A.; Duvall, Kristin N.; Jongen, Nathalie

doi:10.1006/jcis.2001.7620

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…However, very little is known about the effects of phosphonates on the crystallization of damaging soluble salts, particularly those of alkali metals. Some research has focused on the crystallization of LiBr in the presence of phosphonates. , However, LiBr has never been associated with salt weathering phenomena. With the exception of the preliminary results of Selwitz and Doehne, no other studies appear to have dealt with the effects of phosphonates on the precipitation of highly soluble salts such as sodium sulfate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Sulfate Crystallization in the Presence of Phosphonates: Implications in Ornamental Stone Conservation

Ruíz-Agudo

Rodríguez-Navarro

Sebastián-Pardo

2006

Crystal Growth & Design

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Phosphonates were tested as potential crystallization inhibitors for sodium sulfate, one of the most damaging soluble salts in historic building and sculpture. Although mirabilite (Na2SO4·10H2O) crystallization is promoted in the presence of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), and diethylenetriaminepentakis(methylphosphonic acid) (DTPMP) at salt solution natural pH (6.4), crystallization is inhibited at moderately alkaline pH (8−8.5). Molecular modeling of additive adsorption on specific mirabilite (hkl) faces, in addition to ESEM observations, allowed us to identify how phosphonates inhibit mirabilite crystallization. ATMP and DTPMP display the best stereochemical matching with mirabilite {100} surfaces, which explains why they are the most effective inhibitors. Inhibition of sodium sulfate crystallization in the presence of phosphonates may promote the growth of efflorescence on porous ornamental stone, rather than damaging subefflorescence. The use of phosphonates may lead to more efficient preventive conservation of ornamental stone exposed to sodium sulfate damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Sulfate Crystallization in the Presence of Phosphonates: Implications in Ornamental Stone Conservation

Ruíz-Agudo

Rodríguez-Navarro

Sebastián-Pardo

2006

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…Since the induction time τ depends upon the surface energy γ , we expect that heterogeneities in the surface lead to the large standard deviation in the induction times measured. This intuition is verified in the second article in this series (16) where the distribution of surface energies is predicted from the distribution of the experimentally measured crystallization temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…These solubility products will be useful in evaluating the change in solubility due to additives discussed in a subsequent paper (16).…”

Section: Solubility Product Of Hydrated Saltsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ostwald–Meyers Metastable Region in LiBr Crystallization—Comparison of Measurements with Predictions

Duvall

Dirksen

Ring

2001

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…254 Yazaki developed and patented an aqueous solution containing lithium bromide, lithium chloride, and lithium nitrate with a mixing ratio of 1:0.375−0.425:0.225−0.275. 255 Ring et al 256 tested various organic crystallization inhibitors. None of these solutions are reported to be used in significant amount probably due to the aforementioned problems.…”

Section: Process Development and Emerging Cooling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…General discussions about working pair requirements, chiller characteristics, IL-based patent applications, and valuable adjacent RD aspects ,,,,,,,− (see also the Supporting Information).…”

Section: Absorption Cooling Using Ionic Liquid Based Working Pairsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Cooling Strategies Using New Chemical System Solutions

Seiler

Kühn

Ziegler

et al. 2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Energy-efficient cooling concepts play an important role for numerous applications in the area of comfort and industrial cooling. In this regard, it represents a huge challenge to ensure that the cooling demand of industrialized countries is covered in a sustainable manner with a drastically reduced carbon footprint. In recent years, several innovations in the field of absorption have been introduced. While some of them are based on process improvements, other innovations are based on newly developed chemical system solutions. One example is the use of new working pairs for absorption chillers. In the past, working pair related drawbacks such as crystallization, corrosion, and instability led to a number of innovation barriers. One very promising way to overcome these drawbacks and thereby to allow for new or improved absorption chiller processes is the replacement of the state-of-the-art absorbent LiBr by a suitable ionic liquid (IL). This review aims at discussing new, energyefficient cooling concepts with a special focus on using ionic liquid based working pairs in absorption chillers/absorption heat pumps. The most relevant research and development activities are analyzed, a patent overview is provided, and both new technological opportunities and remaining scientific challenges are identified. Although a large number of ionic liquid papers have been published in this field during the last 10 years, many contributions do not adequately address the interdisciplinary set of application requirements and do not fully recognize that most imidazole-based ionic liquids are not suitable for being used in multieffect absorption cycles since their (in)stability at high temperatures in the presence of water and the resulting cooling capacity do not meet the industrial requirements.

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LiBr · 2H2O Crystallization Inhibition in the Presence of Additives

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Sodium Sulfate Crystallization in the Presence of Phosphonates: Implications in Ornamental Stone Conservation

Sodium Sulfate Crystallization in the Presence of Phosphonates: Implications in Ornamental Stone Conservation

Ostwald–Meyers Metastable Region in LiBr Crystallization—Comparison of Measurements with Predictions

Sustainable Cooling Strategies Using New Chemical System Solutions

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