Li-Ion Battery-Based Hybrid Diesel-Electric Railway Vehicle: In-Depth Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Abstract

In this study, the life cycle costs of railway projects involving hybrid diesel-electric vehicles are analysed. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the comparison of 3 lithium-ion battery technologies (NMC, LTO and LFP) and 8 energy management strategies (including rule-based and optimization-based strategies). In order to develop this analysis, a methodology that returns the life cycle cost of each proposed case is presented. The methodology includes the optimization of the diesel generator and lithium-ion battery sizing. A scenario based on a real railway line is introduced, and the obtained results are compared to a traditional diesel-electric railway vehicle to develop a technoeconomical discussion. The best lithium-ion battery technologies are found to be LTO and NMC, and the most appropriated strategy a state-machine controller optimised by a genetic algorithm approach. The best case obtains a life cycle cost reduction of the 4.0% and diesel savings of the 13.7% compared to a traditional diesel-electric railway vehicle. The proposed analysis is claimed to be potentially helpful for the cost-optimal design and operation definition of powertrains for hybrid railway vehicles.

Exploring hydrogen fuel cell and battery freight locomotive options using train dynamics simulation

“…It can therefore be concluded that, in the practical test of this train system, a hydrogen fuel option would be the best way of achieving feasibility with some operating margin and without mid-trip refuelling. This finding agrees with the work of Olmos et al 14 which clearly identified a number of lines and operations in Australia, typically, longer routes without electrification options, for which the hydrogen options become essential.…”

“…For typical haulage to port operations, it is usual for the gravitational potential energy to be a net train energy input. Taking all E PE energy terms as positive, we can rewrite the above equations slightly differently, ½Energy Input to the Train ¼ ½Energy Output ðConsumedÞ For Decreasing Altitude (13) For Increasing Altitude (14) For long trips, the term EKE is very small compared to other terms and so is not visible on Pie Charts. It is only non-zero if there is a difference in the speed at the end points of the section under study.…”

“…A comprehensive simulation and optimisation study in for sizing of fuels cell systems for passenger trains is presented by Pugi et al in. 13 The life cycle costs of hybrid diesel-electric vehicles are analysed, 14 focusing on the comparison of 3 Lithium ion Battery (LIB) technologies: nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP)) and 8 energy management strategies. The methodology included the optimisation of the diesel generator and LIB sizing, based on a real railway line.…”

Design Procedure and Testing for the Electrification of a Maintenance Railway Vehicle

“…These models are divided into electrochemical models, electrical circuit models, and mathematical models [33]. However, the battery models proposed for sizing the storage system for railway systems are based on the mathematical models [23,34] or equivalent circuit models [35,36].…”

Design and Analysis of Solar-powered E-bike Charging Stations to Support the Development of Green Campus

“…Research on EVs is increasing in recent years [8,9]. The main challenge in EV research is the high development cost [10][11][12]. However, EV can theoretically be applied from light to heavy vehicles.…”