This study analyzes the life cycle costs of railway projects involving hybrid diesel-electric multiple units, focusing on the influence of lithium-ion battery technologies and energy management strategies. Specifically, 3 lithium-ion battery technologies and 6 energy management strategies are proposed, leading to a sensitivity analysis composed of 18 cases. In addition, for each case an approach for the optimal sizing of the diesel generator and lithium-ion battery is proposed. A scenario based on a real railway line is introduced and the results are compared to a traditional diesel-electric multiple unit. Potential life cycle cost savings of 16.0% are obtained when deploying a global optimization-based energy management strategy and LTO batteries.
In this study, the life cycle costs of railway projects involving hybrid diesel-electric vehicles are analysed. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the comparison of 3 lithium-ion battery technologies (NMC, LTO and LFP) and 8 energy management strategies (including rule-based and optimization-based strategies). In order to develop this analysis, a methodology that returns the life cycle cost of each proposed case is presented. The methodology includes the optimization of the diesel generator and lithium-ion battery sizing. A scenario based on a real railway line is introduced, and the obtained results are compared to a traditional diesel-electric railway vehicle to develop a technoeconomical discussion. The best lithium-ion battery technologies are found to be LTO and NMC, and the most appropriated strategy a state-machine controller optimised by a genetic algorithm approach. The best case obtains a life cycle cost reduction of the 4.0% and diesel savings of the 13.7% compared to a traditional diesel-electric railway vehicle. The proposed analysis is claimed to be potentially helpful for the cost-optimal design and operation definition of powertrains for hybrid railway vehicles.
This paper analyses the life cycle costs of railway projects involving hydrogen electric multiple units. The analysis focuses on the interrelation between the selected lithium-ion battery technology, the designed energy management strategy, and the fuel cell and battery sizes. In particular, 3 lithium-ion battery technologies and 4 strategies are proposed, leading to a sensitivity analysis composed of 12 cases. For each case, an approach for the optimal sizing of the fuel cell and battery is proposed. A scenario based on a real railway line is introduced and the obtained results are compared with the performance of a traditional diesel-electric multiple unit. The results show that a reduction of the hydrogen price is required so as the hydrogenbased option becomes competitive compared to the diesel-based one. The best result of the sensitivity analysis is obtained with an off-line optimization-based strategy and LTO batteries.
Artikulu honek hidrogeno tren baten diseinu eta operazioa optimizatzeko algoritmo genetikoetan oinarritutako metodologia bat proposatzen du. Hain zuzen ere, metodologiaren bidez hidrogeno pilaren tamaina, bateriaren tamaina, eta kudeaketa energetikoko estrategia optimizatzen dira, helburua trenaren bizitza-ziklo osoko kostua minimizatzea izanik. Proposatutako metodologia balidatzeko benetako trenbide linea batean oinarritutako ikerketa kasu bat aurkezten da. Optimizazioak itzulitako emaitza oinarrizko kasu batekin alderatzen da, trenaren kostu totala % 4,9 murrizten dela frogatuz. Lortutako emaitzek metodologiaren eraginkortasuna egiaztatzen dute.
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