Leveraging Urbanization to Promote a New Growth Model While Reducing Territorial Disparities in Morocco: Urban and Regional Development Policy Note

Abstract

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Spatiotemporal Thermal Variations in Moroccan Cities: A Comparative Analysis

“…The built-up area of Casablanca expanded by 38.32% from 2000 to 2015 and saw further growth of 63.54% between 1984 and 2018, with urban development especially notable towards the south in the direction of Bouskoura Forest, a prominent green area adjacent to the city [7,18]. Tangier, boasting a population of around 1 million as of 2014 [16], ranks as Morocco's second-largest economic hub [19]. Located strategically on the Strait of Gibraltar, this coastal city stands at an elevation of 21 m. The city's vast and dynamic expansion, notably influenced by the development of Tangier-Med-a significant cruise and cargo port [19]-is marked by a 43.71% increase in its built-up area from 2000 to 2015 [7].…”

“…Tangier, boasting a population of around 1 million as of 2014 [16], ranks as Morocco's second-largest economic hub [19]. Located strategically on the Strait of Gibraltar, this coastal city stands at an elevation of 21 m. The city's vast and dynamic expansion, notably influenced by the development of Tangier-Med-a significant cruise and cargo port [19]-is marked by a 43.71% increase in its built-up area from 2000 to 2015 [7]. The city, part of the larger Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region, lies within the hot-summer Mediterranean climate zone [14].…”

“…This expansion occurred at the expense of green spaces. The Bouskoura forest, an example of green urban space on the outskirts of the city, displayed an increase in LST values over time from LST values ranging between 20 and 40 • C (1990) to values ranging between 35 and 50 • C (2020), which may indicate potential degradation or changes in its ecological conditions as a result of a mix between weather extremes [56] and anthropogenic interventions [10,18,19,55].…”

The Role Of Taxes In The Indonesian Economy

“…Employee remuneration is remuneration in the form of money and goods (valued in monetary terms), which is paid by the owner or the entity authorized by him to the employee for work performed in the reporting period by the company of residence, irrespective of whether or not this employee is a resident. Salary is calculated based on accrued amounts and includes actual and conditional social insurance contributions (Lall, Mahgoub, Maria, & Touati, 2019). There are also subsidies for imports and production on goods and other production-related subsidies, while taxes on production and imports include taxes on products and other productionrelated taxes.…”

Assessment of Urban Environmental Quality: A Case Study of Casablanca, Morocco

“…Currently, over 50 percent of the population lives in urban areas in Africa. In Morocco, 60 percent of the population resides in urban areas, as opposed to 35 percent in 1970 and by 2050, nearly three-quarters of the population will be living in cities (Lall et al, 2019).…”