This study examines the effects of the epidemic and the price bubble on the effectiveness of the cryptocurrency market. In this Research, We collect the daily closing price of 5 cryptocurrencies from https://coinmarketcap.com/. The data was taken from 01 September 2017 to 14 December 2021 with a total data or sample of 1231 daily data from each currency or a total of 6155 samples from a total of all tested currencies. The five cryptocurrencies are Litecoin (LTC), Cardano (ADA), Ethereum (ETH), Ripple (XRP), and Bitcoin (BTC). To measure market inefficiency we use magnitude market inefficiency (MIM) and the study by Le Tran and Leirvik (2019) is used to establish the adjusted magnitude of market inefficiency (AMIM). In this study AMIMt is calculated on a daily frequency by using the daily closing price as the basis for calculation.We found that the three periods of the cryptocurrency bubble in the cryptocurrency market occurred in late 2017, early 2018, and July 2020. The cryptocurrency financial bubble had a lesser impact than the announcement of a worldwide pandemic being declared for COVID-19 on March 11, 2020. It is very likely that a bubble will occur during July 2020 related to the declaration that COVID-19 is a pandemic of global scope.
This study tested the Human Resource Management System model in 2612 small and medium scale companies in Malaysia by selecting the sample by random sampling method using an online interview system. We examine four aspects of management, namely income, human capital investment, technology investment, investment in operational aids using the quantitative descriptive method of the ordinary least square model. We find that there is a positive relationship between investment in human capital, technology and operational aids and income.
This paper investigates the impact of urbanization in Malaysia and human capital development in Malaysia in particular urbanized areas. We argue that the presence of urbanites at the turn of the 20th century has had a positive impact on human capital in Malaysia today. This is evidenced by empirical evidence using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method by adopting the Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM) method to calculate the human capital development index in Malaysia. We find that the urbanization program has a positive impact on human capital development in Malaysia.
This study tries to look into the connection between economic growth and, taxes, and government spending to understand the role of taxes in the Indonesian economy. The World Bank provides secondary data that we use, by investigating state revenues from taxes, government spending, and economic growth to look into how taxes affect economic growth. We use annual research data from 2000 to 2020. We use vector analysis in this study. We found that economic growth, taxes, and government spending significantly influence and support each other. This shows that taxes depend on economic growth where the higher the economic growth in Indonesia, the higher the potential tax revenue as state revenue. The higher the state revenue from taxes, the greater the government expenditure for economic development in Indonesia. The higher the economic development in Indonesia through government expenditure, the higher the economic growth in Indonesia.
This study investigates technological developments, work participation, education, and unemployment where each variable is investigated carefully, especially the relationship between variables. In order to investigate the causal link between variables, this study employs a time frame of 21 years, from 2000 to 2020, and uses the autoregressive vector quantitative approach. This study uses secondary data from the world bank with the control variables being internet literacy, Economics participation, education, and unemployment in Thailand. We found that technological developments in Thailand do not threaten to increase unemployment. Where with the development of technology new jobs are created and the role of education in human capital investment becomes important in increasing human ability to master technology and use technology optimally so that technological developments also increase economic participation. Economic participation is an indicator of labor participation and employment.
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