Levels of circulating adipokines and their relation with glycemic control and insulin resistance in Saudi patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Adipokines include fat-secreted proteins such as leptin or adiponectin and fat-or liver-derived cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, including NAFLD. Objective: The present study aimed to explore the role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and correlate them with glucose control. Material and Methods: One hundred Saudi patients with NAFLD (45 males and 55 females) with NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasonographic findings, our group includes one gender, age and body mass index (BMI) matched hundred healthy volunteers. Adiopkines and parameters of glucose control of all participants were detected. Results: Serum glucose, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase /alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT), serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum TNF-α and L-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD when compared to control group. However, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and adiponectin levels were significantly lower in patients with NAFLD when compared to control group. Moreover, serum levels of adipokines showed an association with insulin resistance. Conclusion: Within the limit of this study non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with adipokines alteration that is correlated with abnormal glucose control and insulin resistance.

Epidemiologic Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Khorramshahr, Iran : 2008 - 2016

“…This group consists of the more active people in terms of work, and is predictable. Also, this is consistent with the results of Galgamuwa in Sri Lanka (4). In the present study, the number of under 10-year-old cases was 178, which is a high number.…”

“…This is consistent with the results of other studies in Iran (5,11,12) and other countries (13). However, a higher number of cases in rural areas are reported in some studies, too (4,14).…”

“…This may be due to the presence of men in outdoor areas for longer times than women in the peak activity intervals of the mosquitoes, and wearing less-protective clothes than women, which makes a bite by the Phlebotomus mosquito more probable. In previous studies in Iran and other countries, too, the higher number of bites in men is reported (4,5,10,11); though there are studies in which the number of bitten women is higher (3).…”

“…This is one of the six important diseases of the tropical regions induced mainly by two types of Leishmania parasites, i.e., Leishmania Tropica and Leishmania Major (1-3). It is estimated that there are about 12 million patients with Leishmania around the world, which increases every year by 2 million, and 1.5 million of whom have Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (4). Although endemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis exists in 88 countries around the world, 90% of the cases are residents of the seven countries of Afghanistan, Algeria, Brazil, Iran, Peru, Saudi Arabia and Syria (5,6).…”

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease heterogeneity: Need of subtyping

“…Which makes it difficult to accurately assess the response of a study medication on the degree of hepatic fibrosis regression. In Table 1 , author attempted to summarize the features of each subtype based upon limited published literature on this topic[ 77 - 86 ]. Nonetheless, it does not characterize each subtype accurately, but it gives us a perspective to believe that each subtype is a distinct entity with a distinct course.…”