Levels and distribution of persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in water and sediments of Gomti River (India)—a tributary of the Ganges River

Abstract

This study reports the concentration levels and distribution pattern of the persistent organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues in the water and bed-sediments of the Gomti River collected seasonally over a period of 2 years. The water and bed-sediment samples were collected from eight different sites and analyzed for aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, HCB, HCH isomers, DDT isomers/metabolites, endosulfan isomers (alpha and beta), endosulfan sulfate, heptachlor and its metabolites, alpha-chlordane, gamma-chlordane and methoxychlor. In the river water and sediments SigmaOCPs residues ranged between 2.16 and 567.49 ng l(-1) and 0.92 and 813.59 ng g(-1), respectively. The results, further, suggested that source of DDT contamination is from the aged and weathered agricultural soils with signature of recently used DDT in the river catchments. To assess any adverse effect of OCPs contamination on river's biological component, the threshold effect level (TEL) was used. The results revealed that bed-sediments of the Gomti River are contaminated with lindane, endrin, heptachlor epoxides and DDT, particularly at site-4 and may contribute to sediment toxicity in the freshwater ecosystem of the river.

Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: A comprehensive review of India

“…Persistent organic pesticide residues have been broadly distributed in Indian soil (Al-Wabel et al, 2011;Devi et al, 2013;Hoai et al, 2010;Kata et al, in press;Kumar et al, 2014;Kumari et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2009;Senthilkumar et al, 2009), water (Huang et al, 2013;Lari et al, 2014;Malik et al, 2009;Mutiyar et al, 2011;Mutiyar and Mittal, 2012;Singh et al, 2012), air (Chakraborty et al, 2010;Devi et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2013;Srimural et al, in press;Syed et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2008), living creatures (Bhuvaneshwari and Rajendran, 2012;Devanathan et al, 2009;Subramaniam and Solomon, 2006), and crops (Bajpai et al, 2007;Chowdhury et al, 2011). The fate of OCPs in soils in the areas of land use and cropping patterns has also been extensively studied.…”

Persistent Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Some Selected Cocoa Beverages in Nigeria

“…Most pesticides, particularly organochlorines (OCs), are toxic to biological organisms, due to their high lipophilic properties [10], their resistance to chemical and biological degradation [11],their ability to adsorb onto particulate matter due to low water solubility [12], and their ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify [13,14].…”

Development and application of a methodology for screening, on the basis of the carcinogenic (H7), toxic for reproduction (H10) and mutagenic (H11) criteria of the latest European legislation, hazardous vs. non-hazardous sediments to be disposed of on land

“…Higher concentrations of chlorinated pesticides are reported in the literature, e.g., 0.45 mg/kg for lindane (Villaverde et al 2008) and 0.81 mg/kg for the sum of 18 substances (Malik et al 2009), but even these extreme values remain far below the threshold for these substances. Based on the threshold values set by the EU directive on wastes, the CRM hazards resulting from pesticides in inland sediments can therefore be disregarded.…”