Levelling and GPS networks to monitor ground subsidence in the Southern Po Valley

Bitelli, Gabriele; Bonsignore, F.; Unguendoli, M.

doi:10.1016/s0264-3707(99)00071-x

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…1): a high precision levelling network composed of over 2300 benchmarks, and a GNSS network consisting of about 60 points to be surveyed by long static sessions (Benedetti et al, 2000;Bitelli et al, 2000).…”

Section: The First Campaign (1999 and 2002)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the techniques for subsidence monitoring at regional scale: the case of Emilia-Romagna region (Italy)

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The recent decades have seen a significant evolution of the methodologies and techniques for the monitoring of subsidence on a regional scale: from the traditional levelling technique to GNSS and finally to SAR interferometry. The case study of Emilia-Romagna, Italy, is a prime example of this evolution.As known, the Emilia-Romagna plain is subject to a phenomenon of subsidence with a natural and an anthropogenic component, both of varying amounts depending on the area. The first contributes a few mm/year; the second, particularly evident in the last 60 years, is mainly correlated to excessive withdrawal of fluids from underground and reaches higher values (in the past, subsidence rates of several cm per year were observed in the Po delta and near Bologna).The geodetic monitoring of subsidence started in the 1950s by different entities, establishing and measuring levelling networks of varying size and with various characteristics, mainly located where the phenomenon was most clearly manifest. These local initiatives were not able to provide a consistent understanding of the phenomenon throughout the entire Emilia-Romagna plain.The first regional-scale monitoring of the Emilia-Romagna plain was initiated in 1999, with a large levelling network (about 3000 km) and a coupled network of 60 GNSS points. In subsequent years, the monitoring approach has mainly focused on the most modern remote sensing techniques integrated with each other, with the adoption of the method DInSAR calibrated to a GNSS Continuous Operating Reference Stations (CORS) database. The application of DInSAR methods resulted in subsidence maps with a greater level of detail.The paper analyzes the methodology choices made during 1999-2012, through three successive campaigns that adopted and integrated the different techniques.

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Section: The First Campaign (1999 and 2002)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the techniques for subsidence monitoring at regional scale: the case of Emilia-Romagna region (Italy)

et al. 2015

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“…Here the monitoring of ground elevation by traditional as well as more advanced techniques (see e.g. Bitelli et al, 2000) showed that the land-subsidence rate experienced a sudden acceleration in the aftermath of World War II due to an intense water and gas extraction from underground (Gambolati et al, 1991;Carminati et al, 2002). The latter produced more than 1.5 m cumulative lowering near the historical city centre of Ravenna (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of anthropogenic land-subsidence on inundation dynamics: the case study of Ravenna, Italy

2016

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Abstract. Can differential land-subsidence significantly alter river flooding dynamics, and thus flood risk in flood prone areas? Many studies show how the lowering of the coastal areas is closely related to an increase in the flood-hazard due to more important tidal flooding and see level rise. The literature on the relationship between differential land-subsidence and possible alterations to riverine flood-hazard of inland areas is still sparse, although several geographical areas characterized by significant land-subsidence rates during the last 50 years experienced intensification in both inundation magnitude and frequency. We investigate the possible impact of a significant differential ground lowering on flood hazard over a 77 km 2 area around the city of Ravenna, in Italy. The rate of land-subsidence in the study area, naturally in the order of a few mm year −1 , dramatically increased up to 110 mm year −1 after World War II, primarily due to groundwater pumping and gas production platforms. The result was a cumulative drop that locally exceeds 1.5 m. Using a recent digital elevation model (res. 5 m) and literature data on land-subsidence, we constructed a ground elevation model over the study area in 1897 and we characterized either the current and the historical DEM with or without road embankments and land-reclamation channels in their current configuration. We then considered these four different topographic models and a twodimensional hydrodynamic model to simulate and compare the inundation dynamics associated with a levee failure scenario along embankment system of the river Montone, which flows eastward in the southern portion of the study area. For each topographic model, we quantified the flood hazard in terms of maximum water depth (h) and we compared the actual effects on flood-hazard dynamics of differential land-subsidence relative to those associated with other man-made topographic alterations, which resulted to be much more significant.

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“…The local rate of land subsidence is naturally in the order of a few mm per year, but it increased enormously after World War II, as shown, for example, in the ground elevation analysis by Bitelli et al (2000), most likely due to an increase in the extraction of deep non-renewable groundwater associated with the economic growth and industrial expansion of the area. Gambolati et al (1991) showed how this and the subsequent exploitation of several on-shore and off-shore deep gas reservoirs in the Ravenna area increased the rate of land subsidence up to several centimetres per year.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Is anthropogenic land subsidence a possible driver of riverine flood-hazard dynamics? A case study in Ravenna, Italy

Carisi

Domeneghetti

Gaeta

et al. 2017

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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We investigate possible changes in flood hazard over a 77-km 2 area around the city of Ravenna. The subsidence rate in the area, naturally a few mm year −1 , increased dramatically after World War II because of groundwater and natural gas extraction, exceeding 110 mm year −1 and resulting in cumulative drops larger than 1.5 m. The Montone-Ronco river system flows in the southern portion of the area, which is protected against frequent flooding by levees. We performed twodimensional simulations of inundation events associated with levee breaching by considering four different terrain configurations: current topography and a reconstruction of ground elevations before anthropogenic land subsidence, both neglecting and representing the main linear infrastructures (e.g. roads, artificial channels). Results show that flood-hazard changes due to anthropogenic land subsidence (e.g. significant changes in computed water depth and velocity) are observed over less than 10% of the study area and are definitely less important than those resulting from construction of the linear infrastructures.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Levelling and GPS networks to monitor ground subsidence in the Southern Po Valley

Cited by 63 publications

References 3 publications

Evolution of the techniques for subsidence monitoring at regional scale: the case of Emilia-Romagna region (Italy)

Evolution of the techniques for subsidence monitoring at regional scale: the case of Emilia-Romagna region (Italy)

Effects of anthropogenic land-subsidence on inundation dynamics: the case study of Ravenna, Italy

Is anthropogenic land subsidence a possible driver of riverine flood-hazard dynamics? A case study in Ravenna, Italy

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