Level of Interleukin‐35 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva, and Plasma in Periodontal Disease and Health

Abstract

IL-35 could have an important role in suppressing periodontal inflammation and maintaining periodontal health. Additional studies are required to evaluate its role in periodontal diseases.

Plaque‐induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations

“…145 More recently, there has been a further attempt to characterize the GCF profile of a patient with gingivitis (i.e., a patient with a ( Table 3). [146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155] Overall, these studies indicate that the GCF proteomic profile of gingivitis subjects is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of periodontal health; more specifically, a greater number of proteins have been found in gingivitis compared to periodontal health. 153 Moreover, the amount of some proteins (e.g., IL-1b, ALP, complement factors, MMP-9, fibronectin, lactotransferrin precursors, alpha-actinin) is higher in gingivitis compared to periodontal health, 147,153 while other proteins (e.g., cystatin-B, cystatin-S) are present in lower amounts in gingivitis.…”

“…143 Some studies have characterized the salivary proteomic profile of gingivitis (i.e., a patient with a given amount of gingival inflammation and no attachment/bone loss) compared to periodontal health (Table 4). 146,154,155,[157][158][159][160] The analyses showed that gingivitis was associated with significantly increased amounts of blood proteins (serum albumin and hemoglobin), immunoglobulin peptides and keratins, 158 PGE2 and MIP-1α, 160 and more than double the amounts of MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-6. 157 In periodontal health, salivary cystatins appeared to be more abundant.…”

Comparative Evaluation of Interleukin-35 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients with Chronic Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis

“…The results in our study are comparable to the study by Koseglu. 7 In this study, the mean GCF However, the results might alter due to changes in the concentration of other anti-inflammatory cytokines, which cannot be denied. This is one of the important limitations of this study.…”

“…As of now only one study has compared the levels of IL-35 in plasma, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontal health and disease. 7 In our previous study,…”

A novel volumetric analysis using cad/cam scanners in gingival recession treatment

“…Tooth position, incorrect tooth brushing techniques, and chemical or mechanical trauma are among these etiological factors. (1) Biological width which is composed by epithelial attachment and subjacent connective tissue is considered as an adaptation mechanism of the body occurring where epithelial tissue is perforated by teeth and GR may arise from its violation by various dental restorations. (2) GR causes cervical dentin hypersensitivity, pain, and difficulty while toothbrushing.…”