Levamisole promotes an adjuvant effect on the immunity of pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ) when immunized with Aeromonas hydrophila , even when provided in the diet

Biller-Takahashi, Jaqueline Dalbello; Montassier, Hélio José; Takahashi, Leonardo Susumu; Urbinati, Elisabeth Criscuolo

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.11.008

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is likely that levamisole feeding may have improved resistance of fish to parasitic infection and infestation. Reports in the literature show that levamisole improved immune system of fish (Mulero et al, 1998;Gopalakannan and Arul, 2006;Hang et al, 2014;Biller-Takahashi et al, 2016), however, in this study we did not perform immune analyzes.…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…LHC powder is commercially available and can be administered orally to fish (Gopalakannan and Arul, 2006;Biller-Takahashi et al, 2013) as well as by intraperitoneal injection (Hang et al, 2014) and by prophylactic baths (Findlay et al, 2000). This drug has a remarkable immunostimulating effect when added to the diet (Mulero et al, 1998;Gopalakannan and Arul, 2006;Ispir and Yonar, 2007;Maqsood et al, 2009;Sado et al, 2010;Biller-Takahashi et al, 2013;Hang et al, 2014;Biller-Takahashi et al, 2016). Thus, the immunomodulatory activity of the levamisole may be an important strategy to reduce stress, making fish more resistant to pathogenic infections (Biller-Takahashi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This drug has a remarkable immunostimulating effect when added to the diet (Mulero et al, 1998;Gopalakannan and Arul, 2006;Ispir and Yonar, 2007;Maqsood et al, 2009;Sado et al, 2010;Biller-Takahashi et al, 2013;Hang et al, 2014;Biller-Takahashi et al, 2016). Thus, the immunomodulatory activity of the levamisole may be an important strategy to reduce stress, making fish more resistant to pathogenic infections (Biller-Takahashi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levamisole reduces parasitic infection in juvenile pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

et al. 2017

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Anthelmintic drugs are successfully used in aquaculture to control parasitic infections or infestations. This study analyzed the effectiveness of levamisole as an antiparasitic and its effect on the liver of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A total of 300 fish (180 ± 1.27 g; 16 ± 0.4 cm) were fed a diet containing levamisole hydrochloride (LHC) for fifteen days. A control group (T0) and four treatments were tested: T1 (100), T2 (150), T3 (300) and T4 (500) mg kg −1 LHC in quadruplicate (15 fish per repetition). Four fish per treatment (n = 20) were euthanized by sectioning the spinal cord; the sample was forwarded for parasitological analysis. The gill arches and intestines were removed and preserved in formaldehyde 10% for identification and quantification of the parasites. For evaluation of the liver histology, four fish per treatment (n = 20) were euthanized with benzocaine (100 mg L −1 ) for liver removal. In intestines and gills, we identified the parasites Rondonia rondoni (Nematoda, Atractinae) and Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae), respectively. Both were at high prevalence and intensity of infection and infestation, respectively. The 300 mg kg −1 LHC treatment reduced the infection by R. rondoni but not the infestation by A. penilabiatus. Concentrations of 150 and 300 mg kg −1 LHC caused moderate liver changes, and no changes were observed in fish treated with 100 mg kg −1 LHC. The highest concentration of LHC (500 mg kg −1 ) induced a high occurrence of sinusoid dilation, blood congestion and leukocyte infiltration in fish liver. Our results indicate that LHC (300 mg kg −1 ) was effective in controlling the infection by R. rondoni and caused moderate histological changes in pacu liver.

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Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levamisole reduces parasitic infection in juvenile pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

et al. 2017

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“…Furthermore, a study in rats suggested that immunostimulatory effect of levamisole could be mediated by a reduction in circulating corticosterone levels [28]. Thus, the immunomodulatory capacity of LHC can be used to reduce the harmful effects of stress in fish farming, in addition to its known efficacy in controlling fish pathogenic infections [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a farmed fish of economic importance in South America [30,31], which qualifies this species as an experimental model. Previous studies have focused the physiology of stress [32,33] and its relationship with immune responses in this fish [6,8,34]. In this line, the current study analyzed the effectiveness of levamisole as a modulator of stress and as an immunostimulant in pacu after air exposure and challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterium that causes diseases in several farmed fish species in Brazil [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levamisole enhances the innate immune response and prevents increased cortisol levels in stressed pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

Pahor-Filho

Castillo

Pereira

et al. 2017

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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We analyzed the effects of levamisole on stress and the innate immune responses of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A total of 300 fish (180 ± 1.27 g) were fed a diet containing levamisole hydrochloride (LHC) for 15 days, then distributed into the following groups: T0 (control group); T1 (100), T2 (150), T3 (300) and T4 (500) mg kg LHC (15 fish per group and four replicates per treatment). After this, fish (n = 8 per treatment) were exposed to air for three minutes to simulate stress conditions and were then challenged with the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila to stimulate the immune system. Fish were sampled at 1, 3 and 24 h after bacterial inoculation to measure plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations, the leukocyte respiratory burst (LRB), hemolytic activity of the complement system (HAC) and serum lysozyme activity (SLA). LHC attenuated the increase in plasma cortisol at 1 h (500 mg kg) and 3 h (300 mg kg) after air exposure and bacterial inoculation compared to control fish. The highest glucose concentrations were observed at 1 and 3 h after stress, which then returned to initial levels after 24 h, without any effect of LHC. The LHC 100 mg kg dose increased LRB 1 h after inoculation and activated the HAC 3 h later. At 24 h, all LHC concentrations increased the HAC. SLA was reduced after inoculation, throughout the experimental period, without an effect of levamisole. Our results indicate that the oral administration of levamisole for 15 days modulated circulating cortisol levels during the stress response and improved the innate immune response against A. hydrophila infection in pacu.

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Evaluation of the clinical safety and efficacy of fenbendazole and levamisole in the control of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae in Colossoma macropomum

et al. 2022

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Levamisole promotes an adjuvant effect on the immunity of pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ) when immunized with Aeromonas hydrophila , even when provided in the diet

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Levamisole reduces parasitic infection in juvenile pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

Levamisole reduces parasitic infection in juvenile pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

Levamisole enhances the innate immune response and prevents increased cortisol levels in stressed pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus )

Evaluation of the clinical safety and efficacy of fenbendazole and levamisole in the control of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae in Colossoma macropomum

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